Nursing Research Final Exam-EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2025/2026 - ACCURATE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | 100% GUARANTEED PASS -
BRAND NEW VERSION
This study guide is specifically designed for students preparing for exams related to nursing
research methods, evidence-based practice, and healthcare-related subjects for 2025/2026. It
provides a collection of flashcards, study guides, and key terms that will help you understand
essential concepts in nursing research, including research methodologies, ethical principles,
evidence-informed practice, and more. Each question is accompanied by a detailed answer
and rationale, ensuring you fully grasp the material for exam success. With comprehensive
coverage, this study guide offers everything you need to guarantee a passing grade.
Key Terms:
• Nursing Research: The systematic investigation of nursing practices to improve
healthcare outcomes.
• Evidence-Based Practice: An approach to healthcare that uses the best available
evidence to inform decision-making.
• Research Methods: Techniques used in conducting research, such as qualitative,
quantitative, and mixed methods.
• Ethical Principles: Guidelines that ensure research is conducted in a morally
responsible manner, respecting participants' rights and well-being.
• Research Paradigms: Frameworks used in research to guide the methodology and
approach, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research.
• Quantitative Research: Research that collects numerical data and analyzes it
statistically.
• Qualitative Research: Research that gathers non-numerical data, focusing on
understanding experiences, behaviors, and perceptions.
, • Mixed Methods: A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.
• Nursing Theories: Conceptual frameworks that guide nursing practice and research.
• Healthcare Quality: The measure of how well healthcare services meet the needs of
patients and improve outcomes.
• Clinical Practice: The application of nursing research findings in real-world healthcare
settings to improve patient care.
• Sampling Techniques: Methods used to select participants or data points for research
studies.
• Research Strategies: Approaches used in gathering and analyzing research data,
including reading strategies and evidence-informed practice.
Evidence-based practice
The use of the best evidence in making patient care decisions and usually comes from research
conducted by nurses
Constructivist paradigm
- Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals
- Researcher interacts with those being researched
- Subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
Positivist paradigm
- Reality exists; there is a real world driven by real natural causes
- Researcher is independent from those being researched
- Values and biases are to be held in check;objectivity is sought
Pilot test
A trial run
Clinical practice guidelines
Give specific recommendations for evidence-based decision making
Evidence hierarchy
Rank evidence sources according to the strength of the evidence they provide
Cochrane Library
,Goal is to help providers make good healthcare decisions by preparing and disseminating
systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions
PICOT
Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time
Dependent variable
The variable hypothesized to depend on/be caused by another variable
Causal (cause-and-effect) relationships
A relationship between two variables where the presence/value of one variable (cause)
determines the presence/value of the other (effect)
Concept
An abstraction based on observations of behaviors or characteristics
Operational definition
The definition of a concept or variable in terms of the procedures by which it is to be measured
Level of significance
The risk of making a type I error in statistical analysis, established by the researcher beforehand
Reflexivity
In qualitative studies, critical self-reflection about one's own biases, preferences, and
preconceptions
Triangulation
The use of multiple methods to collect and interpret data about a phenomenon, so as to
converge on an accurate representation of reality
Bias
Any influence that distorts the results of a study and undermines validity
Methods section
Includes four subsections: design, participants, procedures, and data analysis
Anonymity
, Protection of participants' confidentiality such that even the research can't link individuals with
the data they provided
Stipend
A monetary payment to individuals participating in a study to sever as an incentive for
participation and/or to compensate for time and expenses
Informed consent
An ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain people's voluntary participation in a
study, after informing them of possible risks and benefits
Risk-benefit
The relative costs and benefits, to an individual subject and to society at large, of participation
in a study
IRB (Institutional Review Board)
In the US, a group of people affiliated with an institution who convene to review proposed and
ongoing studies with respect to ethical considerations
Beneficence
An ethical principle that seeks to maximize benefits for study participants and prevent harm
Statement of purpose
A declarative statement of the overall goals of the study
Research question
A specific query the researcher wants to answer to address a research problem
Directional hypothesis
A hypothesis that makes a specific prediction about the direction of the relationship between
two variables
Non-directional hypothesis
A research hypothesis that doesn't stipulate the expected direction of the relationship between
variables
Null hypothesis
A hypothesis stating no relationship between the variables under study
GUIDE 2025/2026 - ACCURATE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | 100% GUARANTEED PASS -
BRAND NEW VERSION
This study guide is specifically designed for students preparing for exams related to nursing
research methods, evidence-based practice, and healthcare-related subjects for 2025/2026. It
provides a collection of flashcards, study guides, and key terms that will help you understand
essential concepts in nursing research, including research methodologies, ethical principles,
evidence-informed practice, and more. Each question is accompanied by a detailed answer
and rationale, ensuring you fully grasp the material for exam success. With comprehensive
coverage, this study guide offers everything you need to guarantee a passing grade.
Key Terms:
• Nursing Research: The systematic investigation of nursing practices to improve
healthcare outcomes.
• Evidence-Based Practice: An approach to healthcare that uses the best available
evidence to inform decision-making.
• Research Methods: Techniques used in conducting research, such as qualitative,
quantitative, and mixed methods.
• Ethical Principles: Guidelines that ensure research is conducted in a morally
responsible manner, respecting participants' rights and well-being.
• Research Paradigms: Frameworks used in research to guide the methodology and
approach, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research.
• Quantitative Research: Research that collects numerical data and analyzes it
statistically.
• Qualitative Research: Research that gathers non-numerical data, focusing on
understanding experiences, behaviors, and perceptions.
, • Mixed Methods: A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.
• Nursing Theories: Conceptual frameworks that guide nursing practice and research.
• Healthcare Quality: The measure of how well healthcare services meet the needs of
patients and improve outcomes.
• Clinical Practice: The application of nursing research findings in real-world healthcare
settings to improve patient care.
• Sampling Techniques: Methods used to select participants or data points for research
studies.
• Research Strategies: Approaches used in gathering and analyzing research data,
including reading strategies and evidence-informed practice.
Evidence-based practice
The use of the best evidence in making patient care decisions and usually comes from research
conducted by nurses
Constructivist paradigm
- Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals
- Researcher interacts with those being researched
- Subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable
Positivist paradigm
- Reality exists; there is a real world driven by real natural causes
- Researcher is independent from those being researched
- Values and biases are to be held in check;objectivity is sought
Pilot test
A trial run
Clinical practice guidelines
Give specific recommendations for evidence-based decision making
Evidence hierarchy
Rank evidence sources according to the strength of the evidence they provide
Cochrane Library
,Goal is to help providers make good healthcare decisions by preparing and disseminating
systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions
PICOT
Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time
Dependent variable
The variable hypothesized to depend on/be caused by another variable
Causal (cause-and-effect) relationships
A relationship between two variables where the presence/value of one variable (cause)
determines the presence/value of the other (effect)
Concept
An abstraction based on observations of behaviors or characteristics
Operational definition
The definition of a concept or variable in terms of the procedures by which it is to be measured
Level of significance
The risk of making a type I error in statistical analysis, established by the researcher beforehand
Reflexivity
In qualitative studies, critical self-reflection about one's own biases, preferences, and
preconceptions
Triangulation
The use of multiple methods to collect and interpret data about a phenomenon, so as to
converge on an accurate representation of reality
Bias
Any influence that distorts the results of a study and undermines validity
Methods section
Includes four subsections: design, participants, procedures, and data analysis
Anonymity
, Protection of participants' confidentiality such that even the research can't link individuals with
the data they provided
Stipend
A monetary payment to individuals participating in a study to sever as an incentive for
participation and/or to compensate for time and expenses
Informed consent
An ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain people's voluntary participation in a
study, after informing them of possible risks and benefits
Risk-benefit
The relative costs and benefits, to an individual subject and to society at large, of participation
in a study
IRB (Institutional Review Board)
In the US, a group of people affiliated with an institution who convene to review proposed and
ongoing studies with respect to ethical considerations
Beneficence
An ethical principle that seeks to maximize benefits for study participants and prevent harm
Statement of purpose
A declarative statement of the overall goals of the study
Research question
A specific query the researcher wants to answer to address a research problem
Directional hypothesis
A hypothesis that makes a specific prediction about the direction of the relationship between
two variables
Non-directional hypothesis
A research hypothesis that doesn't stipulate the expected direction of the relationship between
variables
Null hypothesis
A hypothesis stating no relationship between the variables under study
