What valvular lesion is associated with early closure of the mitral valve? correct answers Aortic
Insufficiency
*What parameters are used to assess the severity of pulmonic valve stenosis? correct answers
Peak Velocity and Peak Gradient
MILD. peak velocity <3 m/s. peak gradient <36 mmHg. right ventricular systolic pressure 25-49
mmHg. ...
MODERATE peak velocity 3-4 m/s. peak gradient 36-64 mmHg. ...
SEVERE. peak velocity >4 m/s. peak gradient >64 mmHg.
52 to 72 correct answers *What is the normal range for ejection fraction in males?
*What is the largest and mostly apically positioned valve in the heart? correct answers tricuspid
A 63 year old male has a left ventricular EF of 35%, mitral valve E/A ratio 2.3 and E/e ratio of
12 and tricuspid peak regurgitant velocity of 2.6 m/s what is the grade of diastolic dysfunction in
this patient? correct answers Grade III
(if E/A is > 2 then always grade III)
Where is the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve located in the image correct answers
Pulse Repetition frequency of the system correct answers The Nyquist limit of pulsed doppler is
dependent upon which of the following?
which anatomic defects are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot correct answers 1. ventricular
septal defect (VSD)
2. overriding aorta
3. pulmonary stenosis /anomalous pulmonary veins
4. right ventricular hypertrophy (RV hypertrophy)
*A follow-up echo is ordered on a patient diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. What
findings would be MOST RELEVANT from the previous study? choose 2 ; correct answers 1.
abnormal movements in the walls of the left ventricle.
2. ballooning of the lower part of the left ventricle (apex).
*What is one significant benefit of utilizing 3d transthoracic imaging? correct answers more
accurate ejection fraction and volumes
given a mitral valve pressure half -time of 260 ms the mitral valve area is correct answers 0.85
cm2 ()
, A patients tricuspid regurgitation velocity measures 3.5 m/s and the IVC measures 2.3 cm with
greater than 50% inspiratory collapse. What is the patient's right ventricular systolic pressure?
correct answers 4 (3.5 x 3.5 ) + 8mmhg = 57 mmHg
(IVC>2.1 ; Inspiratory collapse>50%)
What control would be used to increase the gain in the far field of an image without impacting
the new field? correct answers TGC (time-gain composition)
What echocardiographic window will MOST LIKELY give you the best information regarding
left ventricular function on a barrel-chested individual with emphysema? correct answers
subcostal
Grade the level of diastolic dysfunction observed in each patient. Drage the token into the box to
gradeeach patient correct answers
What is the mitral regurgitation severity (PGR 2.6) correct answers
which views can be used to assess longitudinal strain? choose 2 correct answers Apical 4
chamber
Apical 2 chamber OR
apical 3 chamber
what is the measurement of longitudinal systolic performance of the righ ventricle known as?
correct answers tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE),
Prior to starting the echocardiogram, the sonographer should verify the indication for the study
by correct answers reviewing the physicians order
what pat of the cardiac cycle is identified correct answers
What are causes of work related musculoskeletal disorders in sonography? choose 4 causes
correct answers 1. posture
2. probe grip
3. Repetitive movements
4. Monitor and keyboard height
What view is the left coronary cusp of the aortic valve Best seen? correct answers parasternal
short axis
what should be done to reduce spectral broadening on a pulsed wave doppler tracing? correct
answers decrease sample volume size
what artifact is demonstrated in this apical correct answers
What is the primary shown in the image correct answers