HOSA EPIDEMIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM
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Maternal and Child Health - ANS >>>Concentrates on
reproductive health, infant care and how best to protect the
health of mothers and their children. It is a global priority, but
workers may also work domestically. Areas of focus may
include birth outcomes and adolescent mental health among
others.
Analytical Epidemiology - ANS >>>aims to research and
study risk and protector factors of diseases.
Pandemic - ANS >>>An epidemic occurring worldwide, or
over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries,
and usually affecting a large number of people. Ex. 1918
influenza (Spanish flu)
Distribution - ANS >>>The occurrence of diseases and other
health outcomes varies in populations, with some subgroups
of the populations more frequently affected than others.
,HOSA EPIDEMIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM
Epidemic - ANS >>>sudden increase in occurrence of
disease in a population usually within a specific geographic
region or population
Exposures - ANS >>>Related to determinants, which
pertain either to contact with a disease-causing factor or to
the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group or
individuals.
Descriptive Epidemiology - ANS >>>deals with the frequency
and the distribution of risk factors in populations and enables
to assess the extent of a disease. It can thus provide
hypotheses of etiologic research
Determinants - ANS >>>determinants Any factor that brings
about change in a health condition or other defined
characteristic.
Morbidity - ANS >>>illness due to a specific disease or health
condition
Mortality - ANS >>>Death, usually on a large scale
Quantification - ANS >>>Refers to counting the cases of
illness or other health outcomes. Denotes the use of
statistics to describe the occurrence of health outcomes and
measure their association with exposures
,HOSA EPIDEMIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM
Hippocrates - ANS >>>departed from superstitious reasons
for disease outbreaks Wrote on Airs, Waters, and Places in
400 BC
Suggested disease might be associated with environmental
factors
John Snow - ANS >>> (1813-1858) An English
anesthesiologist who innovated several of the key
epidemiologic methods that remain valid and in use today
Believed that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water
and was able to demonstrate this association.
Paracelsus - ANS >>> (1493-1541) was one of the founders
of the field of toxicology. The dose-response relationship
The notion of target organ specificity of chemicals
John Graunt - ANS >>>is considered by many historians to
have founded the science of demography, the statistical study
of human populations. He analyzed the vital statistics of the
citizens of London and wrote a book regarding those figures
that greatly influenced the demographers of his day.
Ramazani - ANS >>> (1633-1714) is regarded as the founder
of the field of occupational medicine.
He authored De Morbi’s Artifice Diatribe (Diseases of Workers),
published in 1700.
Edward Jenner - ANS >>> (1749-1823) developed a method
for smallpox vaccination in 1796.
William Farr - ANS >>> (1807-1883) Appointed "Compiler of
Abstracts" in England, 1839
Developed a more sophisticated system for codifying medical
conditions
Examined possible linkage between mortality rates and
population density (defined as number of persons per square
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mile)
Robert Koch - ANS >>> (1843-1910), a
German physician Published Die Aetiologia
der Tuberculosed in 1882
Koch's postulates demonstrated the association between a
microorganism and a disease.
Alexander Flemming - ANS >>> (1881-1955) discovered the
anti-microbial properties of the mold Penicillium notatum in
1928.
Antibiotic became available toward the end of World War II
carrier - ANS >>>individual - potential source of infection for
others
can be infected or transferring from infected person to another
etiologic agent - ANS >>>etiologic agent pathogen responsible
for disease