Name of case and details: Mark Duggan (2011) - Mark Duggan, a 29-year-old man, was shot and killed by armed police in Tottenham, North
London, on 4 August 2011 during an attempted arrest under Operation Trident. Officers believed he was carrying a gun, though forensic tests
showed he had not fired a weapon. A handgun was later recovered nearby, raising controversy over whether he had thrown it or not. His death
sparked protests that escalated into the 2011 England riots, the worst civil unrest in decades. An inquest in 2013 ruled that Duggan was lawfully
killed, but the case remains highly controversial, highlighting issues of police accountability, racial profiling, and community mistrust.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police (Operation Trident firearms unit), IPCC (Independent Police Complaints Commission), riot police.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Ballistics testing to establish bullet trajectory, eyewitness testimony from community, CCTV footage analysis,
mobile phone data examination, and public inquiries via an inquest into the lawfulness of the killing.
Name of case and details: Sarah Everard (2021) - Sarah Everard, a 33-year-old marketing executive, was kidnapped while walking home in
Clapham, South London, on 3 March 2021. She was stopped by serving Metropolitan Police officer Wayne Couzens, who used his warrant card
and falsely arrested her under COVID-19 laws before abducting, raping, and murdering her. Her remains were later found in woodland in Kent.
Couzens was sentenced to a whole-life order. The case caused national outrage, raising questions about women’s safety, police abuse of power,
and failures in vetting serving officers, and it led to widespread protests and calls for reform in policing and public protection.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police (Specialist Crime Command), forensic scientists, prosecution barristers, public inquiry team.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Extensive CCTV tracking across London streets, analysis of mobile phone location data, ANPR (Automatic Number
Plate Recognition) to track vehicles, forensic analysis of human remains, witness interviews, and eventual confession.
Name of case and details: PC Andrew Harper (2019) - PC Andrew Harper, a 28-year-old Thames Valley Police officer, was killed on 15 August
2019 while responding to a burglary near Reading, Berkshire. He became entangled in a tow rope attached to a getaway car and was dragged
more than a mile to his death. Three teenage suspects were later convicted of manslaughter (not murder) and received long prison sentences.
The case shocked the public and led to the introduction of “Harper’s Law” in 2022, which brought in mandatory life sentences for anyone
convicted of killing emergency service workers while committing a crime.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Thames Valley Police, forensic pathologists, collision reconstruction experts, CPS, helicopter support units.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Dashcam footage, mobile phone triangulation, collision reconstruction science, forensic pathology reports on cause
of death, thermal imaging from helicopters, and house-to-house enquiries.
Name of case and details: Stephen Lawrence (1993) - Stephen Lawrence, an 18-year-old Black student, was murdered in a racially motivated
attack by a group of white youths in Eltham, South London, on 22 April 1993. The initial police investigation was badly mishandled, with failures
to follow leads and accusations of racism and incompetence. His parents campaigned tirelessly for justice, leading to the Macpherson Inquiry
(1999), which found the Metropolitan Police to be “institutionally racist”. Nearly 20 years after the killing, advances in DNA forensics secured the
convictions of Gary Dobson and David Norris in 2012. The case remains a landmark in British legal and policing history, bringing major reforms
in race relations, police accountability, and the double jeopardy law.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, Independent Macpherson Inquiry, CPS, forensic scientists, civil rights campaigners.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Initial eyewitness statements, community intelligence, cold case review with advanced DNA forensics, covert
surveillance of suspects, public inquiry testimony, and changes in double jeopardy law enabling retrial.
,Name of case and details: Amanda Knox (2007) - Amanda Knox, an American student in Perugia, Italy, was accused of murdering her British
flatmate Meredith Kercher in 2007, alongside her boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito. Italian prosecutors argued the killing was part of a violent sexual
game, while Knox maintained her innocence. She was initially convicted in 2009, acquitted in 2011, reconvicted in 2014, and finally acquitted for
good by Italy’s highest court in 2015, though she was found guilty of calunnia (falsely accusing another man during interrogation). The case was
highly controversial due to flawed forensic evidence, alleged coercive police interrogations, and intense media sensationalism, raising international
debates about fair trials, media influence, and miscarriages of justice.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Italian police, forensic scientists, judges, defence teams, independent forensic reviewers.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Collection and analysis of DNA evidence (knife, bra clasp), luminol testing for footprints, examination of mobile
phone data, suspect interrogations, behavioral profiling, and independent forensic reviews that challenged initial findings.
Name of case and details: Colin Stagg (1992) - Colin Stagg was wrongfully accused of murdering Rachel Nickell, who was killed on Wimbledon
Common, London, in 1992. With no forensic evidence linking him to the crime, police launched an undercover “honeytrap” operation (Operation
Edzell), in which a female officer tried to lure Stagg into confessing. The judge dismissed the case in 1994, ruling the police methods as
entrapment and abusive of process. Stagg was acquitted, but suffered years of stigma and media suspicion. In 2008, advances in DNA forensics
identified the real killer as Robert Napper, who confessed. Stagg later received financial compensation for his ordeal, and the case remains a key
example of police misconduct, investigative failure, and wrongful accusation.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, undercover officer 'Lizzie James', CPS, forensic psychologists, defence lawyers.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Honeytrap covert operation, offender profiling by psychologist Paul Britton, forensic review excluding Stagg, and
later DNA evidence that cleared him when the real killer was caught.
Name of case and details: Colin Pitchfork (1986) - Colin Pitchfork was the first criminal in the world to be convicted using DNA profiling. In
1983 and 1986, he raped and murdered two teenage girls, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, in Leicestershire. Initially, another man was
wrongly suspected, but pioneering work by geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys proved his innocence and linked both murders to the same unknown
killer. A mass DNA screening of local men was carried out, but Pitchfork tried to evade detection by persuading a colleague to give a sample in
his name. This deception was uncovered, and Pitchfork was arrested in 1987. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, marking a
landmark in forensic science. He was controversially released on licence in 2021 but later recalled to prison after breaching licence conditions.
The case is seen as a turning point in criminal investigations, showing the power of DNA evidence.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Leicestershire Police, forensic scientist Sir Alec Jeffreys, CPS.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Groundbreaking use of DNA fingerprinting, mass DNA screening of 5,000+ local men, elimination testing, and
cross-checking DNA against crime scene samples.
Name of case and details: Libby Squire (2019) - Libby Squire was a 21-year-old University of Hull student who was raped and murdered by
serial sex offender Paweł Rełowicz in February 2019. Her body was found in the Humber Estuary seven weeks after she went missing during a
night out in Hull. Rełowicz was convicted in 2021 and sentenced to life in prison with a minimum term of 27 years.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Humberside Police, forensic pathologists, CPS, forensic psychologists, victim support services.
,AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: CCTV footage tracking Libby’s movements, cell site analysis of mobile phones, DNA linking suspect to the victim,
vehicle forensic examination, and psychological profiling of the offender.
Name of case and details: Alice Ruggles (2016) - Alice Ruggles was a 24-year-old woman who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend and stalker,
Trimaan Dhillon, in Gateshead, England, on October 12, 2016. The case became a prominent example of the deadly consequences of stalking and
police failures to protect victims. Her family went on to establish the Alice Ruggles Trust to raise awareness of stalking and coercive control
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Northumbria Police, homicide detectives, CPS, anti-stalking campaign groups.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Analysis of text messages and social media evidence, review of stalking reports, CCTV analysis, forensic
pathology, and 999 call recordings.
Name of case and details: Liam Allan (2016) - Liam Allan was a criminology student in the UK who was falsely accused of multiple counts of
rape and sexual assault by his ex-girlfriend in 2015. After a two-year investigation, the case against him collapsed in 2017 during the trial when
crucial evidence that proved his innocence was belatedly revealed
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, CPS, defence barristers, trial judges.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Detailed review of mobile phone downloads, cross-examination in court, disclosure of digitalevidence, and legal
scrutiny of CPS procedures.
Name of case and details: James Bulger (1993) - James Bulger, the two-year-old boy who was abducted, tortured, and murdered in 1993 by two
10-year-old boys, Robert Thompson and Jon Venables. The murder, which occurred in Merseyside, England
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Merseyside Police, child psychologists, social workers, CPS, court officials.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: CCTV footage of abduction, house-to-house enquiries, child suspect interviews under PACE safeguards, forensic
pathology on cause of death, and extensive witness testimony.
Name of case and details: Sally Clark (1999) - Sally Clark was a British solicitor wrongly convicted in 1999 of murdering her two infant sons,
Christopher and Harry, who had both died from sudden infant deaths. Her case is a tragic and well-known example of a miscarriage of justice
caused by flawed medical and statistical evidence. Her conviction was eventually quashed in 2003, but she never fully recovered from the
trauma and died in 2007.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Cheshire Police, Home Office pathologist, CPS, Court of Appeal judges, defence medical experts.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Forensic pathology evidence (later discredited), flawed statistical analysis, expert testimony, and independent
medical review that revealed natural causes of death.
Name of case and details: Jill Dando (1999) - Jill Dando was a beloved BBC television presenter who was shot and killed outside her home in
London on April 26, 1999. Her murder sparked one of the largest criminal investigations in British history, and though a local man was convicted,
his conviction was later overturned, and the case remains officially unsolved.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, forensic ballistics experts, CPS, defence barristers.
, AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Ballistics analysis, witness statements, CCTV footage collection, geographic profiling, suspect elimination, and
multiple appeals for information.
Name of case and details: Christopher Jefferies (2010) - Christopher Jefferies is a retired teacher who was wrongly arrested and vilified by
the press in 2010 for the murder of his tenant, Joanna Yeates.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Avon and Somerset Police, CPS, defence lawyers, media regulators (Leveson Inquiry).
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Witness interviews, forensic review of crime scene, DNA analysis, and eventual elimination by evidence while also
exposing media bias.
Name of case and details: The Hillsborough Disaster (1989) - The Hillsborough disaster was a fatal crowd crush at a football match on April 15,
1989, that led to the deaths of 97 Liverpool fans. The tragedy, caused by gross negligence by police and other authorities, was followed by a
decades-long campaign by families and survivors to overturn an official narrative that wrongly blamed supporters
AC 1.1 Personnel involved:South Yorkshire Police, Independent Hillsborough Panel, coroners, legal inquiry teams, campaign groups.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Crowd control analysis, CCTV/video review, medical forensic reports, eyewitness testimony, official inquests, and
public inquiries exposing systemic failings.
Name of case and details: Star Hobson (2020) - Star Hobson was a 16-month-old girl who was murdered in Keighley, West Yorkshire, in
September 2020, after months of abuse and neglect. Her mother, Frankie Smith, and her mother's partner, Savannah Brockhill, were both
convicted in relation to her death. The case drew widespread attention to failures by local children's social services and police, who had dismissed
five separate referrals from concerned family members.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: West Yorkshire Police, social services, safeguarding review boards, CPS.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Medical forensic examination, analysis of text/social media evidence, witness testimony from family, and child
safeguarding records review.
Name of case and details: Arthur Labinjo-Hughes (2020) - Arthur Labinjo-Hughes was a six-year-old boy who was murdered in Solihull in June
2020, following months of systematic torture, abuse, and neglect by his father, Thomas Hughes, and his father's partner, Emma Tustin. His case,
along with that of Star Hobson, sparked national outrage and highlighted significant failures in the child protection system.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: West Midlands Police, social services, CPS, forensic pathologists, safeguarding review boards.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Forensic pathology and autopsy, review of CCTV from inside the home, analysis of text messages showing intent,
safeguarding records, and witness testimony.
London, on 4 August 2011 during an attempted arrest under Operation Trident. Officers believed he was carrying a gun, though forensic tests
showed he had not fired a weapon. A handgun was later recovered nearby, raising controversy over whether he had thrown it or not. His death
sparked protests that escalated into the 2011 England riots, the worst civil unrest in decades. An inquest in 2013 ruled that Duggan was lawfully
killed, but the case remains highly controversial, highlighting issues of police accountability, racial profiling, and community mistrust.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police (Operation Trident firearms unit), IPCC (Independent Police Complaints Commission), riot police.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Ballistics testing to establish bullet trajectory, eyewitness testimony from community, CCTV footage analysis,
mobile phone data examination, and public inquiries via an inquest into the lawfulness of the killing.
Name of case and details: Sarah Everard (2021) - Sarah Everard, a 33-year-old marketing executive, was kidnapped while walking home in
Clapham, South London, on 3 March 2021. She was stopped by serving Metropolitan Police officer Wayne Couzens, who used his warrant card
and falsely arrested her under COVID-19 laws before abducting, raping, and murdering her. Her remains were later found in woodland in Kent.
Couzens was sentenced to a whole-life order. The case caused national outrage, raising questions about women’s safety, police abuse of power,
and failures in vetting serving officers, and it led to widespread protests and calls for reform in policing and public protection.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police (Specialist Crime Command), forensic scientists, prosecution barristers, public inquiry team.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Extensive CCTV tracking across London streets, analysis of mobile phone location data, ANPR (Automatic Number
Plate Recognition) to track vehicles, forensic analysis of human remains, witness interviews, and eventual confession.
Name of case and details: PC Andrew Harper (2019) - PC Andrew Harper, a 28-year-old Thames Valley Police officer, was killed on 15 August
2019 while responding to a burglary near Reading, Berkshire. He became entangled in a tow rope attached to a getaway car and was dragged
more than a mile to his death. Three teenage suspects were later convicted of manslaughter (not murder) and received long prison sentences.
The case shocked the public and led to the introduction of “Harper’s Law” in 2022, which brought in mandatory life sentences for anyone
convicted of killing emergency service workers while committing a crime.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Thames Valley Police, forensic pathologists, collision reconstruction experts, CPS, helicopter support units.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Dashcam footage, mobile phone triangulation, collision reconstruction science, forensic pathology reports on cause
of death, thermal imaging from helicopters, and house-to-house enquiries.
Name of case and details: Stephen Lawrence (1993) - Stephen Lawrence, an 18-year-old Black student, was murdered in a racially motivated
attack by a group of white youths in Eltham, South London, on 22 April 1993. The initial police investigation was badly mishandled, with failures
to follow leads and accusations of racism and incompetence. His parents campaigned tirelessly for justice, leading to the Macpherson Inquiry
(1999), which found the Metropolitan Police to be “institutionally racist”. Nearly 20 years after the killing, advances in DNA forensics secured the
convictions of Gary Dobson and David Norris in 2012. The case remains a landmark in British legal and policing history, bringing major reforms
in race relations, police accountability, and the double jeopardy law.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, Independent Macpherson Inquiry, CPS, forensic scientists, civil rights campaigners.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Initial eyewitness statements, community intelligence, cold case review with advanced DNA forensics, covert
surveillance of suspects, public inquiry testimony, and changes in double jeopardy law enabling retrial.
,Name of case and details: Amanda Knox (2007) - Amanda Knox, an American student in Perugia, Italy, was accused of murdering her British
flatmate Meredith Kercher in 2007, alongside her boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito. Italian prosecutors argued the killing was part of a violent sexual
game, while Knox maintained her innocence. She was initially convicted in 2009, acquitted in 2011, reconvicted in 2014, and finally acquitted for
good by Italy’s highest court in 2015, though she was found guilty of calunnia (falsely accusing another man during interrogation). The case was
highly controversial due to flawed forensic evidence, alleged coercive police interrogations, and intense media sensationalism, raising international
debates about fair trials, media influence, and miscarriages of justice.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Italian police, forensic scientists, judges, defence teams, independent forensic reviewers.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Collection and analysis of DNA evidence (knife, bra clasp), luminol testing for footprints, examination of mobile
phone data, suspect interrogations, behavioral profiling, and independent forensic reviews that challenged initial findings.
Name of case and details: Colin Stagg (1992) - Colin Stagg was wrongfully accused of murdering Rachel Nickell, who was killed on Wimbledon
Common, London, in 1992. With no forensic evidence linking him to the crime, police launched an undercover “honeytrap” operation (Operation
Edzell), in which a female officer tried to lure Stagg into confessing. The judge dismissed the case in 1994, ruling the police methods as
entrapment and abusive of process. Stagg was acquitted, but suffered years of stigma and media suspicion. In 2008, advances in DNA forensics
identified the real killer as Robert Napper, who confessed. Stagg later received financial compensation for his ordeal, and the case remains a key
example of police misconduct, investigative failure, and wrongful accusation.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, undercover officer 'Lizzie James', CPS, forensic psychologists, defence lawyers.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Honeytrap covert operation, offender profiling by psychologist Paul Britton, forensic review excluding Stagg, and
later DNA evidence that cleared him when the real killer was caught.
Name of case and details: Colin Pitchfork (1986) - Colin Pitchfork was the first criminal in the world to be convicted using DNA profiling. In
1983 and 1986, he raped and murdered two teenage girls, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, in Leicestershire. Initially, another man was
wrongly suspected, but pioneering work by geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys proved his innocence and linked both murders to the same unknown
killer. A mass DNA screening of local men was carried out, but Pitchfork tried to evade detection by persuading a colleague to give a sample in
his name. This deception was uncovered, and Pitchfork was arrested in 1987. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, marking a
landmark in forensic science. He was controversially released on licence in 2021 but later recalled to prison after breaching licence conditions.
The case is seen as a turning point in criminal investigations, showing the power of DNA evidence.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Leicestershire Police, forensic scientist Sir Alec Jeffreys, CPS.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Groundbreaking use of DNA fingerprinting, mass DNA screening of 5,000+ local men, elimination testing, and
cross-checking DNA against crime scene samples.
Name of case and details: Libby Squire (2019) - Libby Squire was a 21-year-old University of Hull student who was raped and murdered by
serial sex offender Paweł Rełowicz in February 2019. Her body was found in the Humber Estuary seven weeks after she went missing during a
night out in Hull. Rełowicz was convicted in 2021 and sentenced to life in prison with a minimum term of 27 years.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Humberside Police, forensic pathologists, CPS, forensic psychologists, victim support services.
,AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: CCTV footage tracking Libby’s movements, cell site analysis of mobile phones, DNA linking suspect to the victim,
vehicle forensic examination, and psychological profiling of the offender.
Name of case and details: Alice Ruggles (2016) - Alice Ruggles was a 24-year-old woman who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend and stalker,
Trimaan Dhillon, in Gateshead, England, on October 12, 2016. The case became a prominent example of the deadly consequences of stalking and
police failures to protect victims. Her family went on to establish the Alice Ruggles Trust to raise awareness of stalking and coercive control
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Northumbria Police, homicide detectives, CPS, anti-stalking campaign groups.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Analysis of text messages and social media evidence, review of stalking reports, CCTV analysis, forensic
pathology, and 999 call recordings.
Name of case and details: Liam Allan (2016) - Liam Allan was a criminology student in the UK who was falsely accused of multiple counts of
rape and sexual assault by his ex-girlfriend in 2015. After a two-year investigation, the case against him collapsed in 2017 during the trial when
crucial evidence that proved his innocence was belatedly revealed
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, CPS, defence barristers, trial judges.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Detailed review of mobile phone downloads, cross-examination in court, disclosure of digitalevidence, and legal
scrutiny of CPS procedures.
Name of case and details: James Bulger (1993) - James Bulger, the two-year-old boy who was abducted, tortured, and murdered in 1993 by two
10-year-old boys, Robert Thompson and Jon Venables. The murder, which occurred in Merseyside, England
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Merseyside Police, child psychologists, social workers, CPS, court officials.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: CCTV footage of abduction, house-to-house enquiries, child suspect interviews under PACE safeguards, forensic
pathology on cause of death, and extensive witness testimony.
Name of case and details: Sally Clark (1999) - Sally Clark was a British solicitor wrongly convicted in 1999 of murdering her two infant sons,
Christopher and Harry, who had both died from sudden infant deaths. Her case is a tragic and well-known example of a miscarriage of justice
caused by flawed medical and statistical evidence. Her conviction was eventually quashed in 2003, but she never fully recovered from the
trauma and died in 2007.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Cheshire Police, Home Office pathologist, CPS, Court of Appeal judges, defence medical experts.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Forensic pathology evidence (later discredited), flawed statistical analysis, expert testimony, and independent
medical review that revealed natural causes of death.
Name of case and details: Jill Dando (1999) - Jill Dando was a beloved BBC television presenter who was shot and killed outside her home in
London on April 26, 1999. Her murder sparked one of the largest criminal investigations in British history, and though a local man was convicted,
his conviction was later overturned, and the case remains officially unsolved.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Metropolitan Police, forensic ballistics experts, CPS, defence barristers.
, AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Ballistics analysis, witness statements, CCTV footage collection, geographic profiling, suspect elimination, and
multiple appeals for information.
Name of case and details: Christopher Jefferies (2010) - Christopher Jefferies is a retired teacher who was wrongly arrested and vilified by
the press in 2010 for the murder of his tenant, Joanna Yeates.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: Avon and Somerset Police, CPS, defence lawyers, media regulators (Leveson Inquiry).
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Witness interviews, forensic review of crime scene, DNA analysis, and eventual elimination by evidence while also
exposing media bias.
Name of case and details: The Hillsborough Disaster (1989) - The Hillsborough disaster was a fatal crowd crush at a football match on April 15,
1989, that led to the deaths of 97 Liverpool fans. The tragedy, caused by gross negligence by police and other authorities, was followed by a
decades-long campaign by families and survivors to overturn an official narrative that wrongly blamed supporters
AC 1.1 Personnel involved:South Yorkshire Police, Independent Hillsborough Panel, coroners, legal inquiry teams, campaign groups.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Crowd control analysis, CCTV/video review, medical forensic reports, eyewitness testimony, official inquests, and
public inquiries exposing systemic failings.
Name of case and details: Star Hobson (2020) - Star Hobson was a 16-month-old girl who was murdered in Keighley, West Yorkshire, in
September 2020, after months of abuse and neglect. Her mother, Frankie Smith, and her mother's partner, Savannah Brockhill, were both
convicted in relation to her death. The case drew widespread attention to failures by local children's social services and police, who had dismissed
five separate referrals from concerned family members.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: West Yorkshire Police, social services, safeguarding review boards, CPS.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Medical forensic examination, analysis of text/social media evidence, witness testimony from family, and child
safeguarding records review.
Name of case and details: Arthur Labinjo-Hughes (2020) - Arthur Labinjo-Hughes was a six-year-old boy who was murdered in Solihull in June
2020, following months of systematic torture, abuse, and neglect by his father, Thomas Hughes, and his father's partner, Emma Tustin. His case,
along with that of Star Hobson, sparked national outrage and highlighted significant failures in the child protection system.
AC 1.1 Personnel involved: West Midlands Police, social services, CPS, forensic pathologists, safeguarding review boards.
AC 1.2 Investigative techniques: Forensic pathology and autopsy, review of CCTV from inside the home, analysis of text messages showing intent,
safeguarding records, and witness testimony.
