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NUR 210 Exam 3 Preparation With Complete Questions And
Correct Answers With Rationales | Already Graded A+||Brand
New Version!!
drug response - ANSWERS~~~the intensity of the drug response is
directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF
ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for
desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ANSWERS~~~1. pharmaceutic phase
(dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ANSWERS~~~the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and
becomes available for absorption
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- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ANSWERS~~~"what the
BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWERS~~~(small intestine)
the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ANSWERS~~~drug moves from
blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation -
ANSWERS~~~lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble
metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ANSWERS~~~water soluble
metabolite (kidneys)
liver - ANSWERS~~~breaks down the drug
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kidneys - ANSWERS~~~excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ANSWERS~~~orally -->
stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken
down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer -
ANSWERS~~~-drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through
the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through
channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ANSWERS~~~the movement of a drug from its
site of administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - ANSWERS~~~- use by
MOST drugs
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- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular
membranes = lipophilic drugs
2. channels and pores - ANSWERS~~~only very small ions such as
potassium and sodium can pass through cell membranes
3. transport systems - ANSWERS~~~- are carriers that can move
drugs from one side of the membrane to the other
- are selective
Movement of drugs across membranes - ANSWERS~~~-drugs must
cross membranes (pass through cells) to enter the blood from their
site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their
SITE OF ACTION
- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and
excreted
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWERS~~~process that
occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it
enters the bloodstream to be circulated
NUR 210 Exam 3 Preparation With Complete Questions And
Correct Answers With Rationales | Already Graded A+||Brand
New Version!!
drug response - ANSWERS~~~the intensity of the drug response is
directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF
ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for
desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ANSWERS~~~1. pharmaceutic phase
(dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ANSWERS~~~the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and
becomes available for absorption
,2|Page
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ANSWERS~~~"what the
BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWERS~~~(small intestine)
the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ANSWERS~~~drug moves from
blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation -
ANSWERS~~~lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble
metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ANSWERS~~~water soluble
metabolite (kidneys)
liver - ANSWERS~~~breaks down the drug
,3|Page
kidneys - ANSWERS~~~excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ANSWERS~~~orally -->
stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken
down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer -
ANSWERS~~~-drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through
the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through
channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ANSWERS~~~the movement of a drug from its
site of administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - ANSWERS~~~- use by
MOST drugs
, 4|Page
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular
membranes = lipophilic drugs
2. channels and pores - ANSWERS~~~only very small ions such as
potassium and sodium can pass through cell membranes
3. transport systems - ANSWERS~~~- are carriers that can move
drugs from one side of the membrane to the other
- are selective
Movement of drugs across membranes - ANSWERS~~~-drugs must
cross membranes (pass through cells) to enter the blood from their
site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their
SITE OF ACTION
- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and
excreted
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWERS~~~process that
occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it
enters the bloodstream to be circulated
