WGU D312 Objective Assessment /WGU D312 Anatomy
And Physiology OA Final Actual Exam Newest Actual
Exam With Complete 250 Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded
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Meninges - answer-:;The CNS is also covered in multiple protective layers of connective tissue. Inside
the skull are the three major meninges: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
Cerebrospinal fluid - answer-:;provides additional cushion to the brain and CNS as well as maintaining
the extracellular chemical environment.
Dura mater - answer-:;is the thickest and strongest of the meninges.
Arachnoid mater - answer-:;named for the spider-web appearance acts like a cushion for the brain.
Pia mater - answer-:;is a thin membrane that hugs the brain.
Meningitis - answer-:;Inflammation of the meninges caused by infection and is extremely severe since
the swelling can damage the brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF - answer-:;is a clear, colorless liquid produced by ependymal cells lining the
ventricles, located primarily between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, also transports nutrients
and wastes in the central nervous system
Medulla oblongata - answer-:;most inferior part of the brain, appears as a thickening of the spinal cord.
Many of the cranial nerves originate here, controls many basic functions, including the cardiac center,
vasomotor center, respiratory centers, and involuntary functions like swallowing, coughing, etc
,Forebrain - answer-:;actually in the center of the brain, most important structures are the thalamus and
hypothalamus. Thalamus is involved in the relay of sensory signals. Hypothalamus controls of the
endocrine system
Plexus - answer-:;a network of neighboring spinal nerves that come together in a tangled network
adjacent to the spinal cord and from which new nerves arise. Four main types are the cervical, brachial,
lumbar and sacral.
Posterior root of the nerve - answer-:;carries afferent sensory information into the spinal cord.
Anterior horn - answer-:;contains the somatic motor neurons, and it sends efferent signals from the
spinal cord to the muscle cells it controls.
Lateral horn - answer-:;only found in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the cord, contains the
neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic nervous system that
activates the "fight or flight" responses
Gyri and sulci - answer-:;Depressions and ridges of the brain folds.
Nerve fibers - answer-:;groups of numerous axons of different neurons, axons are grouped in fascicles
and surrounded by connective tissue.
Olfactory nerve - answer-:;sensory, smell
Optic nerve - answer-:;sensory, process visual information
Oculomotor nerve - answer-:;motor, movement of eyes and smooth muscles controlling pupils and lens
Trochlear nerve - answer-:;motor, eye movements
Trigeminal nerve - answer-:;sensory, upper and mid face and upper jaw; motor for muscles of chewing
,Abducens nerve - answer-:;motor, eye movements
Facial nerve - answer-:;motor, facial expression, tears and salivary glands; sensory, for taste
Vestibulocochlear nerve - answer-:;sensory, hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal nerve - answer-:;motor, mouth (swallowing) and for regulation of blood pressure;
sensory, tongue and pharynx and outer ear
Vagus nerve - answer-:;motor, swallowing, speech, cardiovascular and digestive regulation; hunger and
fullness; sensory from visceral organs and taste. This is the main parasympathetic nerve.
Accessory nerve - answer-:;motor, swallowing, and head, neck, shoulder movement
Hypoglossal nerve - answer-:;motor, tongue movements
Funiculi - answer-:;Spinal cord is divided into paired posterior or dorsal, lateral, and anterior or ventral
columns. Ascending tracts generally carry sensory information from the periphery to the brain,
descending tracts carry motor signals to muscles and glands.
Ipsilateral relationship - answer-:;When the origin and destination of a tract are on the same side of the
body
Contralateral relationship - answer-:;Some of the tracts cross over or decussate either in the spinal cord
or brainstem, and when this occurs, the relationship between the origin and destination
Dorsal Roots - answer-:;From the horns within the cord, afferent or sensory axons connect to the
posterior or dorsal horn
Ventral Roots - answer-:;efferent or motor axons connect to the anterior or ventral horn
, Dorsal Root Ganglion - answer-:;cell bodies of the dorsal root afferent fibers are not located within the
spinal cord and form a pronounced anatomical structure
Spinal or Mixed nerve - answer-:;A small distance from the spinal cord, the dorsal and ventral roots
come together
Rami - answer-:;After the spinal nerve converges, it branches to serve different regions of the body
Plexus - answer-:;a network of anterior rami from neighboring spinal nerves that come together in a
weblike or tangled network adjacent to the spinal cord, and from which new nerves arise. 4 main
plexuses are the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral.
Cervical Plexus - answer-:;Plexus of the ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical spinal nerves located from C1
to C4 cervical segment in the neck. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and
sympathetic trunk.
Brachial Plexus - answer-:;Runs from the spine, formed by the anterior rami of lower 4 cervical nerves
and 1st thoracic nerve C5-C8, T. It passes through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib,
and into the axilla or armpit region, it innervates the upper limbs, neck and shoulder muscles.
Lumbar Plexus - answer-:;1st 4 lumbar nerves L1-L4 and T12 the last thoracic nerve. The ventral rami of
the 4th lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus, nerves
pass in front of the hip joint and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh
Sacral Plexus - answer-:;provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower
leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar
vertebrae and sacral vertebrae L4-S4.
Digestive system - answer-:;divided into two main categories: organs of the alimentary canal aliment =
"nourish" and accessory digestive organs
Alimentary canal, also called the gastrointestinal GI tract or gut - answer-:;a continuous muscular tube
that runs from the mouth to the anus
And Physiology OA Final Actual Exam Newest Actual
Exam With Complete 250 Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded
A+
Meninges - answer-:;The CNS is also covered in multiple protective layers of connective tissue. Inside
the skull are the three major meninges: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
Cerebrospinal fluid - answer-:;provides additional cushion to the brain and CNS as well as maintaining
the extracellular chemical environment.
Dura mater - answer-:;is the thickest and strongest of the meninges.
Arachnoid mater - answer-:;named for the spider-web appearance acts like a cushion for the brain.
Pia mater - answer-:;is a thin membrane that hugs the brain.
Meningitis - answer-:;Inflammation of the meninges caused by infection and is extremely severe since
the swelling can damage the brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF - answer-:;is a clear, colorless liquid produced by ependymal cells lining the
ventricles, located primarily between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, also transports nutrients
and wastes in the central nervous system
Medulla oblongata - answer-:;most inferior part of the brain, appears as a thickening of the spinal cord.
Many of the cranial nerves originate here, controls many basic functions, including the cardiac center,
vasomotor center, respiratory centers, and involuntary functions like swallowing, coughing, etc
,Forebrain - answer-:;actually in the center of the brain, most important structures are the thalamus and
hypothalamus. Thalamus is involved in the relay of sensory signals. Hypothalamus controls of the
endocrine system
Plexus - answer-:;a network of neighboring spinal nerves that come together in a tangled network
adjacent to the spinal cord and from which new nerves arise. Four main types are the cervical, brachial,
lumbar and sacral.
Posterior root of the nerve - answer-:;carries afferent sensory information into the spinal cord.
Anterior horn - answer-:;contains the somatic motor neurons, and it sends efferent signals from the
spinal cord to the muscle cells it controls.
Lateral horn - answer-:;only found in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the cord, contains the
neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic nervous system that
activates the "fight or flight" responses
Gyri and sulci - answer-:;Depressions and ridges of the brain folds.
Nerve fibers - answer-:;groups of numerous axons of different neurons, axons are grouped in fascicles
and surrounded by connective tissue.
Olfactory nerve - answer-:;sensory, smell
Optic nerve - answer-:;sensory, process visual information
Oculomotor nerve - answer-:;motor, movement of eyes and smooth muscles controlling pupils and lens
Trochlear nerve - answer-:;motor, eye movements
Trigeminal nerve - answer-:;sensory, upper and mid face and upper jaw; motor for muscles of chewing
,Abducens nerve - answer-:;motor, eye movements
Facial nerve - answer-:;motor, facial expression, tears and salivary glands; sensory, for taste
Vestibulocochlear nerve - answer-:;sensory, hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal nerve - answer-:;motor, mouth (swallowing) and for regulation of blood pressure;
sensory, tongue and pharynx and outer ear
Vagus nerve - answer-:;motor, swallowing, speech, cardiovascular and digestive regulation; hunger and
fullness; sensory from visceral organs and taste. This is the main parasympathetic nerve.
Accessory nerve - answer-:;motor, swallowing, and head, neck, shoulder movement
Hypoglossal nerve - answer-:;motor, tongue movements
Funiculi - answer-:;Spinal cord is divided into paired posterior or dorsal, lateral, and anterior or ventral
columns. Ascending tracts generally carry sensory information from the periphery to the brain,
descending tracts carry motor signals to muscles and glands.
Ipsilateral relationship - answer-:;When the origin and destination of a tract are on the same side of the
body
Contralateral relationship - answer-:;Some of the tracts cross over or decussate either in the spinal cord
or brainstem, and when this occurs, the relationship between the origin and destination
Dorsal Roots - answer-:;From the horns within the cord, afferent or sensory axons connect to the
posterior or dorsal horn
Ventral Roots - answer-:;efferent or motor axons connect to the anterior or ventral horn
, Dorsal Root Ganglion - answer-:;cell bodies of the dorsal root afferent fibers are not located within the
spinal cord and form a pronounced anatomical structure
Spinal or Mixed nerve - answer-:;A small distance from the spinal cord, the dorsal and ventral roots
come together
Rami - answer-:;After the spinal nerve converges, it branches to serve different regions of the body
Plexus - answer-:;a network of anterior rami from neighboring spinal nerves that come together in a
weblike or tangled network adjacent to the spinal cord, and from which new nerves arise. 4 main
plexuses are the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral.
Cervical Plexus - answer-:;Plexus of the ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical spinal nerves located from C1
to C4 cervical segment in the neck. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and
sympathetic trunk.
Brachial Plexus - answer-:;Runs from the spine, formed by the anterior rami of lower 4 cervical nerves
and 1st thoracic nerve C5-C8, T. It passes through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib,
and into the axilla or armpit region, it innervates the upper limbs, neck and shoulder muscles.
Lumbar Plexus - answer-:;1st 4 lumbar nerves L1-L4 and T12 the last thoracic nerve. The ventral rami of
the 4th lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus, nerves
pass in front of the hip joint and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh
Sacral Plexus - answer-:;provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower
leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar
vertebrae and sacral vertebrae L4-S4.
Digestive system - answer-:;divided into two main categories: organs of the alimentary canal aliment =
"nourish" and accessory digestive organs
Alimentary canal, also called the gastrointestinal GI tract or gut - answer-:;a continuous muscular tube
that runs from the mouth to the anus
