https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
BIOD 331 | NURS 231 Pathophysiology FINAL
d d d d d d
d EXAM
Actual Questions and Verified Answers 100%
d d d d d
d Guarantee Pass d
Portage Learning, Geneva College d d d
Inside you will get:d d d
Updated Final Exam d d
True & False Questions
d d d
Multiple Choice Questions and d d d
d Answers
Expert-Verified Explanations d
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
### 1. (True/False) – Make true if False
d d d d d d d
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d types.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell differentiation.
d d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Cell proliferation involves increasing cell number through mitosis. Cell
d d d d d d d d d d
differentiation refers to the process by which cells become structurally and functionally specialized.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 2. (True/False) – Make true if False
d d d d d d d
Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell proliferation.
d d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Differentiation is the process wherein cells become specialized; proliferation
d d d d d d d d d d
pertains specifically to cell division and the augmentation of cell numbers.
d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 3. (Short answer) What are two important properties that stem cells possess?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal.
d d d d
Verified Explanation: Potency refers to the stem cell's ability to differentiate into various specialized
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d cell types, while self-renewal is the property that allows the stem cell population to be maintained
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through many cycles of cell division.
d d d d d d
### 4. (True/False) Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d circumstances.
Correct Answer: False d d
Verified Explanation: Metaplastic cells arise through the process of metaplasia, whereby one
d d d d d d d d d d d
differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type better suited for survival under adverse
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
conditions. This adaptation increases the survival capacity of tissues exposed to chronic stressors or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
irritants, such as in the replacement of ciliated columnar cells in the airways with squamous epithelium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in smokers.
d d
---
### 5. (True/False) Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
d d d d d d d d d d
, Correct Answer: True d d
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy describes the increase in cell size, which contributes to organ
d d d d d d d d d d d d
enlargement. This process can occur in response to physiological stimuli, such as increased workload in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
muscle after exercise, or pathological stimuli, such as cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 6. Which are true of the mitochondria? (select all that apply)
d d d d d d d d d d d
- It is involved in cellular respiration
d d d d d
- They play a role in apoptosis
d d d d d
Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.
d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for ATP production through
d d d d d d d d d d
aerobic respiration (cellular respiration). Additionally, they participate in the intrinsic pathway of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 7. (Multiple choice) Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
d d d d d d d d d d
a) It helps maintain cell shape and structural integrity
d d d d d d d
b) It is essential for intracellular transport and cellular movement
d d d d d d d d
c) It is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
d d d d d d d d
d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
d d d d
Correct Answer: d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: d
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of protein fibers—namely microtubules, microfilaments,
d d d d d d d d d d d
and intermediate filaments—that are critical for maintaining cellular architecture, facilitating intracellular
d d d d d d d d d d d
transport, and enabling cellular movements such as division and migration. It does not consist of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
peroxisomes and proteasomes. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in lipid
d d d d d d d d d d
metabolism and the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, while proteasomes are protein complexes
d d d d d d d d d d d d
responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins through proteolysis. Both peroxisomes and
d d d d d d d d d d d d
proteasomes serve essential cellular functions, but neither is classified as a component of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
cytoskeleton.
d
---
### 8. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
d d d d d d d d d d d d
1. Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
d d d d d d d d d
2. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
d d d d d d d d d d d
BIOD 331 | NURS 231 Pathophysiology FINAL
d d d d d d
d EXAM
Actual Questions and Verified Answers 100%
d d d d d
d Guarantee Pass d
Portage Learning, Geneva College d d d
Inside you will get:d d d
Updated Final Exam d d
True & False Questions
d d d
Multiple Choice Questions and d d d
d Answers
Expert-Verified Explanations d
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Prose1
### 1. (True/False) – Make true if False
d d d d d d d
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d types.
Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell differentiation.
d d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Cell proliferation involves increasing cell number through mitosis. Cell
d d d d d d d d d d
differentiation refers to the process by which cells become structurally and functionally specialized.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 2. (True/False) – Make true if False
d d d d d d d
Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d Correct Answer: False; the process described is cell proliferation.
d d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Differentiation is the process wherein cells become specialized; proliferation
d d d d d d d d d d
pertains specifically to cell division and the augmentation of cell numbers.
d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 3. (Short answer) What are two important properties that stem cells possess?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal.
d d d d
Verified Explanation: Potency refers to the stem cell's ability to differentiate into various specialized
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d cell types, while self-renewal is the property that allows the stem cell population to be maintained
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through many cycles of cell division.
d d d d d d
### 4. (True/False) Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
d d d d d d d d d d d d
d circumstances.
Correct Answer: False d d
Verified Explanation: Metaplastic cells arise through the process of metaplasia, whereby one
d d d d d d d d d d d
differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type better suited for survival under adverse
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
conditions. This adaptation increases the survival capacity of tissues exposed to chronic stressors or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
irritants, such as in the replacement of ciliated columnar cells in the airways with squamous epithelium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in smokers.
d d
---
### 5. (True/False) Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
d d d d d d d d d d
, Correct Answer: True d d
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy describes the increase in cell size, which contributes to organ
d d d d d d d d d d d d
enlargement. This process can occur in response to physiological stimuli, such as increased workload in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
muscle after exercise, or pathological stimuli, such as cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 6. Which are true of the mitochondria? (select all that apply)
d d d d d d d d d d d
- It is involved in cellular respiration
d d d d d
- They play a role in apoptosis
d d d d d
Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.
d d d d d
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for ATP production through
d d d d d d d d d d
aerobic respiration (cellular respiration). Additionally, they participate in the intrinsic pathway of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
---
### 7. (Multiple choice) Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?
d d d d d d d d d d
a) It helps maintain cell shape and structural integrity
d d d d d d d
b) It is essential for intracellular transport and cellular movement
d d d d d d d d
c) It is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
d d d d d d d d
d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
d d d d
Correct Answer: d) It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
d d d d d d d
Verified Explanation: d
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of protein fibers—namely microtubules, microfilaments,
d d d d d d d d d d d
and intermediate filaments—that are critical for maintaining cellular architecture, facilitating intracellular
d d d d d d d d d d d
transport, and enabling cellular movements such as division and migration. It does not consist of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
peroxisomes and proteasomes. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in lipid
d d d d d d d d d d
metabolism and the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, while proteasomes are protein complexes
d d d d d d d d d d d d
responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins through proteolysis. Both peroxisomes and
d d d d d d d d d d d d
proteasomes serve essential cellular functions, but neither is classified as a component of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
cytoskeleton.
d
---
### 8. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
d d d d d d d d d d d d
1. Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
d d d d d d d d d
2. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
d d d d d d d d d d d
