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CLTM Study Test Exam Questions
100% Correct Answers 2025 Current
Update Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
BAEP / R Ans: Brainstem auditory evoked potential / response
-Diagnosis for cerbellopontine angle tumors, mutliple sclerosis,
brainstem lesions, metabolic and toxic encephalopathies,brain
death, and early prediction of outcome in postraumatic coma,
Kindling Ans: Development of epileptic seizures (in rats) that results
from repeated focal stimulation and leads to the development of
a predisposition to epileptiform convulsions. Similar to a log will not
burn unless it's kindled.
Mirror Focus Phenomenon Ans: Concept that an actively
discharging epileptiform region may induce paroxymal behavior
in a homologous site. Related to the kindling phenomena that
occur through interhemispheric callosal or commissural
connections. It means that secondary epileptogenic foci develop
in the contralateral hemispheric by the corpus collusum
Aura Ans: Initial sensation(s) of a seizure that the patient is aware
of in the absence of observable signs. Provides localizing
information in some cases. Precedes temporal lobe seizures in
many cases
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The Principle of Beneficence Ans: An ethical principle that
addresses the idea that a medical professional's actions should
promote good by having the welfare of the patient as a goal of
any treatment. Actions should weigh possible benefits to risks and
prevent and remove harm in any situation and should advocate
for high standards for the greater good.
QEEG Ans: Type of EEG that allows visualization of up to several
hours of EEG data in a single screen display. Commonly referred to
as a trend analysis. This type of EEG trending for seizure detection
is based on amplitude, frequency, rhythmicity and degree of
asymmetry.
Coup Ans: Closed head injury / whiplash. The injury is when brain
are damage is on the same side as the external force of the injury
Contra Coup Ans: Brain injury is contralateral to the external force
of injury. The brain moves away from the external object along
with the head, but the brain eventually impacts the side of the
skull, causing damage
A deficit in one visual field indicates a lesion in the: Ans:
Contralateral occipital lobe (or optic pathway posterior to the
optic chiasm
According to guideline 12, the clinical indications for ambulatory
continuous EEG recordings Ans: Appropriate for documentation
and quantification of ictal (clinical and subclinical) and interictal
EEG features and assessment of their relationship to reported
behavior. It is also applicable in an inpatient setting, particularly
when characterization of EEG features as is required in presurgical
evaluation
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Loss of pupillary reflexes indicates: Ans: Loss of brainstem fuction
Occulocephalic reflex testing: In a comatose patient, when the
head is rotated to the side and the eyes do not follow the head
movement, but lag or remain as if fixed on an object. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is positive, brainstem function is present
Oculocephalic reflex testing: In a comatose patient, when the
head is rotated to the side and the eyes stay in the same position
relative to the head as they would in a conscious patient. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is absent, brainstem function is impaired
Cold caloric testing: Cold water squirted into the ear canal
produces a beating nystagmus toward the stimulated ear. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is positive, brainstem function (pons,
medulla) is present
Cold caloric testing: Cold water squirted into the ear canal
produces no eye movement. This indicates: Ans: The reflex is
absent, brainstem function (pon, medulla) is impaired
The babinski sign or plantar response consists of: Ans: Upgoing big
toe and/or fanning of all toes when the sole of the foot is stroked
with a blunt object from heel towards toes
To be considered oriented x3, what questions does the patient
need to be able to answer Ans: Who they are, where they are,
and the current date
4 aspects of the neurological exam that help to determine brain
death: Ans: 1. Pupillary reflexes (fixed and dilated), 2. Cold caloric
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testing (Absent) 3. Oculocephalic reflexes (absent) 4. Response to
painful stimuli (absent, not counting spinal reflexes)
In decerebrate posturing, the arms will: Ans: Stiffen and extend at
the patient's side, wrists will flex
In decorticate posturing, the arms will Ans: flex over the chest and
rotate inward
Stereognosis Ans: Ability to recognize objects by touch
Graphesthesia Ans: Ability to recognize numbers and letters
written on skin by the sensation of touch
AED treatment options for absence seizures Ans: First line:
Ethosuximide (Brand name: Zarontin), Methsuxmide (brand name:
Celontin)
First line AED treatment option for infantile spasms: Ans: ACTH
(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
First line AED treatment options for partial seizures Ans: First line: 1.
Carbamezipine (Brand name: Carbatrol/Epitol/Equetro) 2.
Gabapentin (Brand name:Neurontin, Gralise) 3. Lacosamide
(Brand name: Vimpat)
First line AED treatment option for generalized tonic-clonic seizures
are: Ans: Carbamezipine (Brand: Epitol, Tegretol), Ehtotoin (Brand:
Peganone), Phenytoin (Brand:Dilantin), Primidone (Brand:
Mysoline)
CLTM Study Test Exam Questions
100% Correct Answers 2025 Current
Update Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
BAEP / R Ans: Brainstem auditory evoked potential / response
-Diagnosis for cerbellopontine angle tumors, mutliple sclerosis,
brainstem lesions, metabolic and toxic encephalopathies,brain
death, and early prediction of outcome in postraumatic coma,
Kindling Ans: Development of epileptic seizures (in rats) that results
from repeated focal stimulation and leads to the development of
a predisposition to epileptiform convulsions. Similar to a log will not
burn unless it's kindled.
Mirror Focus Phenomenon Ans: Concept that an actively
discharging epileptiform region may induce paroxymal behavior
in a homologous site. Related to the kindling phenomena that
occur through interhemispheric callosal or commissural
connections. It means that secondary epileptogenic foci develop
in the contralateral hemispheric by the corpus collusum
Aura Ans: Initial sensation(s) of a seizure that the patient is aware
of in the absence of observable signs. Provides localizing
information in some cases. Precedes temporal lobe seizures in
many cases
, Page | 2
The Principle of Beneficence Ans: An ethical principle that
addresses the idea that a medical professional's actions should
promote good by having the welfare of the patient as a goal of
any treatment. Actions should weigh possible benefits to risks and
prevent and remove harm in any situation and should advocate
for high standards for the greater good.
QEEG Ans: Type of EEG that allows visualization of up to several
hours of EEG data in a single screen display. Commonly referred to
as a trend analysis. This type of EEG trending for seizure detection
is based on amplitude, frequency, rhythmicity and degree of
asymmetry.
Coup Ans: Closed head injury / whiplash. The injury is when brain
are damage is on the same side as the external force of the injury
Contra Coup Ans: Brain injury is contralateral to the external force
of injury. The brain moves away from the external object along
with the head, but the brain eventually impacts the side of the
skull, causing damage
A deficit in one visual field indicates a lesion in the: Ans:
Contralateral occipital lobe (or optic pathway posterior to the
optic chiasm
According to guideline 12, the clinical indications for ambulatory
continuous EEG recordings Ans: Appropriate for documentation
and quantification of ictal (clinical and subclinical) and interictal
EEG features and assessment of their relationship to reported
behavior. It is also applicable in an inpatient setting, particularly
when characterization of EEG features as is required in presurgical
evaluation
, Page | 3
Loss of pupillary reflexes indicates: Ans: Loss of brainstem fuction
Occulocephalic reflex testing: In a comatose patient, when the
head is rotated to the side and the eyes do not follow the head
movement, but lag or remain as if fixed on an object. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is positive, brainstem function is present
Oculocephalic reflex testing: In a comatose patient, when the
head is rotated to the side and the eyes stay in the same position
relative to the head as they would in a conscious patient. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is absent, brainstem function is impaired
Cold caloric testing: Cold water squirted into the ear canal
produces a beating nystagmus toward the stimulated ear. This
indicates: Ans: The reflex is positive, brainstem function (pons,
medulla) is present
Cold caloric testing: Cold water squirted into the ear canal
produces no eye movement. This indicates: Ans: The reflex is
absent, brainstem function (pon, medulla) is impaired
The babinski sign or plantar response consists of: Ans: Upgoing big
toe and/or fanning of all toes when the sole of the foot is stroked
with a blunt object from heel towards toes
To be considered oriented x3, what questions does the patient
need to be able to answer Ans: Who they are, where they are,
and the current date
4 aspects of the neurological exam that help to determine brain
death: Ans: 1. Pupillary reflexes (fixed and dilated), 2. Cold caloric
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testing (Absent) 3. Oculocephalic reflexes (absent) 4. Response to
painful stimuli (absent, not counting spinal reflexes)
In decerebrate posturing, the arms will: Ans: Stiffen and extend at
the patient's side, wrists will flex
In decorticate posturing, the arms will Ans: flex over the chest and
rotate inward
Stereognosis Ans: Ability to recognize objects by touch
Graphesthesia Ans: Ability to recognize numbers and letters
written on skin by the sensation of touch
AED treatment options for absence seizures Ans: First line:
Ethosuximide (Brand name: Zarontin), Methsuxmide (brand name:
Celontin)
First line AED treatment option for infantile spasms: Ans: ACTH
(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
First line AED treatment options for partial seizures Ans: First line: 1.
Carbamezipine (Brand name: Carbatrol/Epitol/Equetro) 2.
Gabapentin (Brand name:Neurontin, Gralise) 3. Lacosamide
(Brand name: Vimpat)
First line AED treatment option for generalized tonic-clonic seizures
are: Ans: Carbamezipine (Brand: Epitol, Tegretol), Ehtotoin (Brand:
Peganone), Phenytoin (Brand:Dilantin), Primidone (Brand:
Mysoline)
