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What does the RCA perfuse? ✔Correct Answer-Inferior wall, RA, SA Node, AV node, RV, Posterior
portion of the septum, Posterior wall, Bundle of His
What does the LMA perfuse? ✔Correct Answer-Bifurcates into the: LAD (Left Anterior Descending),
Left Circumflex Artery
What does the LAD perfuse? ✔Correct Answer-Septal & Anterior Wall, Front & apex of LV,
Interventricular septum, anterior pap muscle, most of the R & L bundle branches, Bundle of His
What is the most commonly occluded artery? ✔Correct Answer-LMA
What does the Left Circumflex perfuse? ✔Correct Answer-Lateral Wall, LA, Back of LV, Posterior
wall in 10% of pop
Ramus artery ✔Correct Answer-20% of the population has it. Tertiary left main; runs along the LV,
between the LAD & circumflex
SVR ✔Correct Answer-Systemic Vascular Resistance- the resistance the LV has to overcome to
eject. (Afterload)
PVR ✔Correct Answer-Peripheral vascular resistance: the resistance the RV has to overcome to
eject
S1 ✔Correct Answer-Closure of the MV and TV; Systole; 1/3 of the cardiac cycle "Lub"
S2 ✔Correct Answer-Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valve; Diastole; 2/3 of the cardiac cycle;
DUB
S3 ✔Correct Answer-Auscultated in fluid overload; when preload is elevated; KENTUCKY
S3 is normal in which popuation(s)? ✔Correct Answer-Normal in kids, high CO like pregnancy (3rd
trimester)
S4 ✔Correct Answer-Atrial gallop (pre-systolic); sound caused by vibration of atria ejecting into non
compliant ventricle; Tennessee
Causes of S4 ✔Correct Answer-Ischemia, HTN, pulmonary stenosis, CAD, AS, LV Hypertrophy
When are Split Heart sounds heard best? ✔Correct Answer-Inspiration
Split S1 ✔Correct Answer-MV closes b/f tricuspid
Causes of Split S1 ✔Correct Answer-RBBB, PVCs, Ventricular Paced rhythms
, Split S2 ✔Correct Answer-Aortic closes b/f pulmonic valve
Causes of Split S2 ✔Correct Answer-Overfilled RV, ASD
Indications for ACE Inhibitors ✔Correct Answer-CHF/Systolic Failure, AMI (EF <40%), Anterior wall
MI, HTN, Diabetic Renal Nephropathy
-prils Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Effects of ACE Inhibitors ✔Correct Answer-Vasodilation, decrease preload & afterload, prevention
of myocardial remodeling, reduce progress of diabetic nephropathy
What do you want to monitor for in ACE inhibitor administration? ✔Correct Answer-Hypotension,
hyperk, cough/angioedema, renal function
Cardioselective B-Blockers ✔Correct Answer-Blocks B1--> Bisoprolol, metoprolol SR, Atenolol,
Esmolol, Acebutolol, Nebivolol
Alpha & Beta Blocking Medications ✔Correct Answer-Labetalol, Carvedilol (Coreg)
Non-selective Beta Blocking Medications ✔Correct Answer-Blocks B1 + B2; Propanolol, Timolol,
Nadolol, Sotalol
Indications for Beta Blockers ✔Correct Answer-HTN, Secondary prevention of MI (metoprolol +
carvedilol), Cardiac arrhythmias, angina, Afib, CHF/Systolic HF
Effects of B Blockers ✔Correct Answer-Decreases HR/BP, negative inotrope by decreasing
myocardial workload, decreases preload, blocks stress catecholamines (epi + NE), decreases
morbidity/mortality, decreases arrhythmias
What should you monitor for in B blocker administration? ✔Correct Answer-Low HR, Low BP, AV
Blocks, HF, signs of shock, bronchospasm; cocaine use
B blocker reversal agent ✔Correct Answer-Glucagon
How do Angiotensin Receptor Blockers work? ✔Correct Answer-They block AT1 receptors that
hormones act on which are found in the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. Block Angiotensin 2 to
help lower BP
Examples of ARBS ✔Correct Answer-"sartans"; Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, olmesartan,
telmisartan
Indications for ARBs ✔Correct Answer-HTN, CHF/Systolic failure, diabetic renal nephropathy,
intolerance of ACE inhibotors
Effects of ARBs ✔Correct Answer-Vasodilation, decreases preload and afterload, reduces secretion
of vasopressin.
Watch out for these s/sx of ARBs ✔Correct Answer-Hypotension, HyperK, HA, caution in MI;
second line drug use for pts that cant tolerate ACE inhibitors