PSYC 365 MIDTERM 2 2026 PREMIUM REVIEW
QUESTIONS CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ Models of Psychological Response to Injury: Cognitive Appraisal
Approach. Answer: Views injury within a stress and coping
framework
The emotional and behavioural response depends on how the
individual appraises the injury:
How serious it seems.
How controllable it feels.
How it affects their self-concept and goals. Focuses on individual
differences and coping strategies rather than fixed emotional stages.
Emphasizes that psychological readiness and coping can enhance
speed and success of recovery
◉ concussion. Answer: bruising of the brain that can cause
neurocognitive deficits, permanent disability or death
◉ second impact syndrome. Answer: Occurs if an athlete returns too
soon and suffers another blow to the head → can cause severe brain
trauma.
,◉ post concussion syndrome. Answer: Ongoing symptoms such as
memory problems, headaches, dizziness, irritability, and
concentration difficulties.
◉ Psychological Complexity of Concussion (5). Answer: invisible
injury, symptom overlap, no standard treatment, rest might worsen
symptoms, long term effects
◉ role of psychologist in injury rehab. Answer: Increasingly
recognized as essential in managing injury recovery. Play a crucial
but underused role in optimizing recovery through biopsychosocial
approaches
◉ Brewer (2010) proposed a Biopsychosocial Model of Sport Injury
Rehabilitation, emphasizing:. Answer: Cognitive factors: beliefs,
expectations, and appraisals.
Emotional factors: anxiety, motivation, confidence.
Personality factors: resilience, optimism, coping style.
◉ sociocultural patterns of substance abuse. Answer: higher rates
with lower income/education, quitting is more likely when income
is above poverty line
◉ why people start (substance abuse). Answer: peers and school,
family modeling, media exposure, personal traits, weight control
,◉ why people KEEP smoking (4). Answer: positive affect, negative
affect, habitual, addictive
◉ how does vaping harm CV and lungs. Answer: nicotine, ultrafine
particulates and metals, flavors/solvents
◉ percentage of canadians that have quit smoking. Answer: 63%
◉ quitting smoking methods. Answer: gradual reduction,
medications and nicotine replacement
◉ psychological interventions to quit smoking. Answer: best =
combined meds and psych, aversion (eg, elastic snap, imagery), self
management (most practical/effecive), social support, exercise
support, exercise programs, innovations (digital/AI)
◉ practical matching (reduce smoking). Answer: positive affect
smokers (for pleasure) = reduce palatability
negative affect smokers = CBT, mindfulness, exercise
habitual smokers = self monitoring, stimulus control
addicted smokers = combination therapy (NRT/meds + CBT)
, ◉ alcohol. Answer: most used substance, 78% used in past 12
months, increased during COVID
◉ acute & chronic effects of alcohol. Answer: depressant, chronic
harms, blackouts, overdose risk, societal harms, FASD
◉ why people drink? disease model (jellinek). Answer: alcoholism
as disease
◉ why people drink? alcohol dependency model. Answer: salience of
drinking, tolerance, impaired control
◉ why people drink? cognitive physiological. Answer: tension
reduction, stress response dampening (SRD), self-awareness model,
alcohol myopia
◉ why people drink? social learning. Answer: reinforcement
(taste/effects), modeling
◉ alcohol (therapies). Answer: psychotherapy, medication,
contingency management, aversion (moderate success), relapse
common
QUESTIONS CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ Models of Psychological Response to Injury: Cognitive Appraisal
Approach. Answer: Views injury within a stress and coping
framework
The emotional and behavioural response depends on how the
individual appraises the injury:
How serious it seems.
How controllable it feels.
How it affects their self-concept and goals. Focuses on individual
differences and coping strategies rather than fixed emotional stages.
Emphasizes that psychological readiness and coping can enhance
speed and success of recovery
◉ concussion. Answer: bruising of the brain that can cause
neurocognitive deficits, permanent disability or death
◉ second impact syndrome. Answer: Occurs if an athlete returns too
soon and suffers another blow to the head → can cause severe brain
trauma.
,◉ post concussion syndrome. Answer: Ongoing symptoms such as
memory problems, headaches, dizziness, irritability, and
concentration difficulties.
◉ Psychological Complexity of Concussion (5). Answer: invisible
injury, symptom overlap, no standard treatment, rest might worsen
symptoms, long term effects
◉ role of psychologist in injury rehab. Answer: Increasingly
recognized as essential in managing injury recovery. Play a crucial
but underused role in optimizing recovery through biopsychosocial
approaches
◉ Brewer (2010) proposed a Biopsychosocial Model of Sport Injury
Rehabilitation, emphasizing:. Answer: Cognitive factors: beliefs,
expectations, and appraisals.
Emotional factors: anxiety, motivation, confidence.
Personality factors: resilience, optimism, coping style.
◉ sociocultural patterns of substance abuse. Answer: higher rates
with lower income/education, quitting is more likely when income
is above poverty line
◉ why people start (substance abuse). Answer: peers and school,
family modeling, media exposure, personal traits, weight control
,◉ why people KEEP smoking (4). Answer: positive affect, negative
affect, habitual, addictive
◉ how does vaping harm CV and lungs. Answer: nicotine, ultrafine
particulates and metals, flavors/solvents
◉ percentage of canadians that have quit smoking. Answer: 63%
◉ quitting smoking methods. Answer: gradual reduction,
medications and nicotine replacement
◉ psychological interventions to quit smoking. Answer: best =
combined meds and psych, aversion (eg, elastic snap, imagery), self
management (most practical/effecive), social support, exercise
support, exercise programs, innovations (digital/AI)
◉ practical matching (reduce smoking). Answer: positive affect
smokers (for pleasure) = reduce palatability
negative affect smokers = CBT, mindfulness, exercise
habitual smokers = self monitoring, stimulus control
addicted smokers = combination therapy (NRT/meds + CBT)
, ◉ alcohol. Answer: most used substance, 78% used in past 12
months, increased during COVID
◉ acute & chronic effects of alcohol. Answer: depressant, chronic
harms, blackouts, overdose risk, societal harms, FASD
◉ why people drink? disease model (jellinek). Answer: alcoholism
as disease
◉ why people drink? alcohol dependency model. Answer: salience of
drinking, tolerance, impaired control
◉ why people drink? cognitive physiological. Answer: tension
reduction, stress response dampening (SRD), self-awareness model,
alcohol myopia
◉ why people drink? social learning. Answer: reinforcement
(taste/effects), modeling
◉ alcohol (therapies). Answer: psychotherapy, medication,
contingency management, aversion (moderate success), relapse
common
