NU 664 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Glutamate - ✔✔being "on", excitatory (think gluta-MATE mating)
✔✔GABA - ✔✔being "off", inhibitory, relaxation, euphoria, decreases muscle activity,
slows breathing, decreases anxiety and seizures (think gabapentin)
✔✔Acetylcholine - ✔✔bradycardia, GI motility, salivation, lacrimation, urination, sexual
arousal, muscle contraction
- In the hippocampus- learning, memory, awakeness, attention
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Hayfever
Itching
Sleeping
Think Benedryl helps with theses (ANTIhistamine)
✔✔Limbic System - ✔✔· emotion
• Amygdala
· Almond shape
· Found in temporal lobe
· Part of limbic system
· Processes fearful/anxious emotions and positive stimuli
·Emotional memories
✔✔Prefrontal cortex - ✔✔Decision making
Planning
Personality
Will to live
Expression
Social behavior
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔Memory
Involved in depression and Alzheimer's
✔✔Hypothalmus - ✔✔Controls hormone release via anterior pituitary
Can exert influence over bodily states to maintain homeostasis
Controls pituitary gland and various hormones (including prolactin)
✔✔Major Depressive Disorder Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) - ✔✔Five or more symptoms
present during the same 2- week period -
Depressed mood most of the day
Decrease pleasure
Weight loss
Insomnia
, Psychomotor agitation
Fatigue
Worthless
Decrease ability to concentrate
✔✔Recurrent thought of death Common Differentials: (DSM-5) - ✔✔Manic episode with
irritable mood or mixed episode
Mood disorder due to another medical condition Substance/medication-induced
depressive or bipolar disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
✔✔Neurotransmitters implicated in mood or anxiety disorders - ✔✔Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
✔✔MDD is a common illness with approximately - ✔✔5% of the U. S. population ages
18 and older in a given year, or 15 million U. S. adults have the disorder
✔✔MDD is the leading - ✔✔cause of disability and is the most common seen in primary
care practices.
✔✔25% of women, and 12% of men - ✔✔are at risk for MDD
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) -
✔✔Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years:
Depressed Mood
Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration
Feeling of hopelessness
✔✔Common Differentials of Persistent Depressive Disorder(Dysthymia) - ✔✔Major
Depressive Disorder
Psychotic disorders
Depressive or Bipolar related disorder due to another medical condition.
Substance/medication-induced depressive or bipolar disorder
Personality disorders
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) - ✔✔Affects 5.4 % of the U. S.
population age 18 or older or 10.9 million Americans. Increase risk for MDD 15% to
25% of people diagnosed with dysthymic disorder will have a life time of episode of
MDD. Women 2 to 3 times more than men will develop dysthymic disorder
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Glutamate - ✔✔being "on", excitatory (think gluta-MATE mating)
✔✔GABA - ✔✔being "off", inhibitory, relaxation, euphoria, decreases muscle activity,
slows breathing, decreases anxiety and seizures (think gabapentin)
✔✔Acetylcholine - ✔✔bradycardia, GI motility, salivation, lacrimation, urination, sexual
arousal, muscle contraction
- In the hippocampus- learning, memory, awakeness, attention
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Hayfever
Itching
Sleeping
Think Benedryl helps with theses (ANTIhistamine)
✔✔Limbic System - ✔✔· emotion
• Amygdala
· Almond shape
· Found in temporal lobe
· Part of limbic system
· Processes fearful/anxious emotions and positive stimuli
·Emotional memories
✔✔Prefrontal cortex - ✔✔Decision making
Planning
Personality
Will to live
Expression
Social behavior
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔Memory
Involved in depression and Alzheimer's
✔✔Hypothalmus - ✔✔Controls hormone release via anterior pituitary
Can exert influence over bodily states to maintain homeostasis
Controls pituitary gland and various hormones (including prolactin)
✔✔Major Depressive Disorder Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) - ✔✔Five or more symptoms
present during the same 2- week period -
Depressed mood most of the day
Decrease pleasure
Weight loss
Insomnia
, Psychomotor agitation
Fatigue
Worthless
Decrease ability to concentrate
✔✔Recurrent thought of death Common Differentials: (DSM-5) - ✔✔Manic episode with
irritable mood or mixed episode
Mood disorder due to another medical condition Substance/medication-induced
depressive or bipolar disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
✔✔Neurotransmitters implicated in mood or anxiety disorders - ✔✔Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
✔✔MDD is a common illness with approximately - ✔✔5% of the U. S. population ages
18 and older in a given year, or 15 million U. S. adults have the disorder
✔✔MDD is the leading - ✔✔cause of disability and is the most common seen in primary
care practices.
✔✔25% of women, and 12% of men - ✔✔are at risk for MDD
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) -
✔✔Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years:
Depressed Mood
Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration
Feeling of hopelessness
✔✔Common Differentials of Persistent Depressive Disorder(Dysthymia) - ✔✔Major
Depressive Disorder
Psychotic disorders
Depressive or Bipolar related disorder due to another medical condition.
Substance/medication-induced depressive or bipolar disorder
Personality disorders
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) - ✔✔Affects 5.4 % of the U. S.
population age 18 or older or 10.9 million Americans. Increase risk for MDD 15% to
25% of people diagnosed with dysthymic disorder will have a life time of episode of
MDD. Women 2 to 3 times more than men will develop dysthymic disorder
