ARMRIT UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔the components of the gyromagnetic ratio are:
A) stimulation to relaxation
B) protons to electrons
C) magnetic moment to angular momentum
D) main magnetic field to radio-frequency signal - ✔✔magnetic moment to angular
momentum
✔✔fast transition phenomenon and entry phenomenon are theories that explain which
of the following characterisitics:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) veolcity effects - ✔✔Velocity effects
✔✔the effects of main magnetic field inhomogeneities on the FID signal are corrected
for in the spin echo sequence by applying a second radio frequency pulse. the flip angle
of this radio frequency pulse is:
A) 45 degrees
B) 60 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 180 degrees - ✔✔180 degrees
✔✔of the following statements, which describes part of the basic MR imaging process:
A) a patient is placed isocenter to ionizing radiation
B) the patient is exposed to ionizing radiation
C) the generated image contains hypersense and hypodense areas
D) radio frequency signals interact with hydrogen protons - ✔✔radio frequency signals
interact with hydrogen protons
✔✔which type of electromagnetic coils correct inhomogeneities in the main magnetic
field?
A) gradient coils
B) radio frequency coils
C) shim coils - ✔✔shim coils
✔✔immediately after an initial 90 degree radio frequency pulse is turned off, the
hydrogen protons will begin to:
A) Rephase
B) Dephase
C) Stay in the transverse plane
D) Stay in phase - ✔✔Dephase
,✔✔tissues that are very efficient at spin-lattice interactions near the larmor frequency,
such as fatty tissues should have:
A) Low T1 values and produce hyperintense signals
B) High T1 values and produce hyperintense signals
C) High T1 values and produce hypointense signals
D) Low T1 values and produce hypointense signals - ✔✔Low T1 values and produce
hyperintense signals
✔✔T1 is the measurement of time for the longitudinal component of the NMV to recover
what percentage of its original value after the application of a 90 degree radio frequency
pulse?
A) 33%
B) 63%
C) 37%
D) 67% - ✔✔63%
✔✔the tissue characteristic which depends more on the state (solid, liquid, gas) of a
tissue than any other factor is:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) velocity effects - ✔✔T2 effects
✔✔the basic process of MR signal generation contains 2 basic steps, they are:
A) parallel alignment and anti-parallel alignment
B) stimulation and relaxation
C) magnetization and ionization
D) magnetization and ionization - ✔✔stimulation and relaxation
✔✔the T1 process is also known as:
A) spin spin
B) spin density
C) spin lattice
D) spin wrap - ✔✔spin lattice
✔✔the T2 process is also known as:
A) spin spin
B) spin density
C) spin lattice
D) spin wrap - ✔✔spin spin
✔✔once in the main magnetic field, a majority of hydrogen protons will align themselves
A) anti-parallel to B0
,B) Orthogonal to B0
C) Parallel to B0
D) Randomly to B0 - ✔✔Parallel to B0
✔✔the tissue characteristic that depend heavily on the relative content of fat molecules
and free water is:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) velocity effects - ✔✔T1 effects
✔✔which type of receiver radio frequency coil is placed close to a patient's body for the
purpose of imaging superficial anatomic structures
A) solenoid coils
B) maxwell coils
C) surface coils
D) golay coils - ✔✔surface coils
✔✔an equation derived to predict the MR signal intensity of a particular tissue as the
result of a spin echo pulse sequence is the:
A) larmor equation
B) bloch equation
C) phase shifts formula
D) resonance frequency formula - ✔✔larmor equation
✔✔which statement is true of the relaxation process?
A) T2* effects slow down T2 decay
B) without the effects of T2*, T2 decay continues
C) T2* effects can not be corrected for
D) T2* effects have no effect on T2 decay - ✔✔without the effects of T2*, T2 decay
continues
✔✔because of the spinning motion of the hydrogen proton it has the same properties as
a bar magnent. the hydrogen protons spinning motion gives it a
A) magnetic charge
B) magnetic spin
C) magnetic moment
D) magnetic precession - ✔✔magnetic moment
✔✔On a proton density image, 2 types of tissue that contain very low concentrations of
hydrogen and appear very hypointense are
A) Cerebral tissue and CSF
B) fat and muscle
C) medullary bone and kidney
, D) cortical bone and lung - ✔✔cerebral tissue and CSF
✔✔in comparison to CT an advantage of MRI is:
A) slower scan time
B) higher cost of the MRI system
C) superior soft tissue contrast resolution
D) ionizing radiation - ✔✔superior soft tissue contrast resolution
✔✔in a loop of conductor in which an electric current is introduced and maintained a
magnetic field will be produced in the center perpendicular to the flow of the electric
current. this is called:
A) Damadian's Law
B) Gabillard's Law
C) Larmor's Law
D) Faraday's Law - ✔✔Faraday's Law
✔✔which type of MRI magnet has attainable field strengths of 0.35T to 3T for clinical
use in the USA and higher strengths elsewhere and in research?
A) superconductive
B) resistive
C) permanent - ✔✔superconductive
✔✔the process of relaxation begins when:
A) B0 is turned off
B) B1 is turned on
C) B1 is turned off
D) B0 is turned on - ✔✔B1 is turned off
✔✔a sinewave is a symbol used to measure electromagnetic energy. A sinewave's 2
components of measurement are:
A) transmit and receive
B) wavelength and frequency
C) stimulation and relaxation
D) gauss and tesla - ✔✔wavelength and frequency
✔✔magnetic fields have direction which are usually designated as north and south
therefore magnetic fields are described as:
A) vectors
B) dipoles
C) protons
D) axes - ✔✔dipoles
✔✔at any one time, human body tissue, in general, is made up of 50-90% of what
substance
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔the components of the gyromagnetic ratio are:
A) stimulation to relaxation
B) protons to electrons
C) magnetic moment to angular momentum
D) main magnetic field to radio-frequency signal - ✔✔magnetic moment to angular
momentum
✔✔fast transition phenomenon and entry phenomenon are theories that explain which
of the following characterisitics:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) veolcity effects - ✔✔Velocity effects
✔✔the effects of main magnetic field inhomogeneities on the FID signal are corrected
for in the spin echo sequence by applying a second radio frequency pulse. the flip angle
of this radio frequency pulse is:
A) 45 degrees
B) 60 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 180 degrees - ✔✔180 degrees
✔✔of the following statements, which describes part of the basic MR imaging process:
A) a patient is placed isocenter to ionizing radiation
B) the patient is exposed to ionizing radiation
C) the generated image contains hypersense and hypodense areas
D) radio frequency signals interact with hydrogen protons - ✔✔radio frequency signals
interact with hydrogen protons
✔✔which type of electromagnetic coils correct inhomogeneities in the main magnetic
field?
A) gradient coils
B) radio frequency coils
C) shim coils - ✔✔shim coils
✔✔immediately after an initial 90 degree radio frequency pulse is turned off, the
hydrogen protons will begin to:
A) Rephase
B) Dephase
C) Stay in the transverse plane
D) Stay in phase - ✔✔Dephase
,✔✔tissues that are very efficient at spin-lattice interactions near the larmor frequency,
such as fatty tissues should have:
A) Low T1 values and produce hyperintense signals
B) High T1 values and produce hyperintense signals
C) High T1 values and produce hypointense signals
D) Low T1 values and produce hypointense signals - ✔✔Low T1 values and produce
hyperintense signals
✔✔T1 is the measurement of time for the longitudinal component of the NMV to recover
what percentage of its original value after the application of a 90 degree radio frequency
pulse?
A) 33%
B) 63%
C) 37%
D) 67% - ✔✔63%
✔✔the tissue characteristic which depends more on the state (solid, liquid, gas) of a
tissue than any other factor is:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) velocity effects - ✔✔T2 effects
✔✔the basic process of MR signal generation contains 2 basic steps, they are:
A) parallel alignment and anti-parallel alignment
B) stimulation and relaxation
C) magnetization and ionization
D) magnetization and ionization - ✔✔stimulation and relaxation
✔✔the T1 process is also known as:
A) spin spin
B) spin density
C) spin lattice
D) spin wrap - ✔✔spin lattice
✔✔the T2 process is also known as:
A) spin spin
B) spin density
C) spin lattice
D) spin wrap - ✔✔spin spin
✔✔once in the main magnetic field, a majority of hydrogen protons will align themselves
A) anti-parallel to B0
,B) Orthogonal to B0
C) Parallel to B0
D) Randomly to B0 - ✔✔Parallel to B0
✔✔the tissue characteristic that depend heavily on the relative content of fat molecules
and free water is:
A) T1 effects
B) T2 effects
C) hydrogen concentration
D) velocity effects - ✔✔T1 effects
✔✔which type of receiver radio frequency coil is placed close to a patient's body for the
purpose of imaging superficial anatomic structures
A) solenoid coils
B) maxwell coils
C) surface coils
D) golay coils - ✔✔surface coils
✔✔an equation derived to predict the MR signal intensity of a particular tissue as the
result of a spin echo pulse sequence is the:
A) larmor equation
B) bloch equation
C) phase shifts formula
D) resonance frequency formula - ✔✔larmor equation
✔✔which statement is true of the relaxation process?
A) T2* effects slow down T2 decay
B) without the effects of T2*, T2 decay continues
C) T2* effects can not be corrected for
D) T2* effects have no effect on T2 decay - ✔✔without the effects of T2*, T2 decay
continues
✔✔because of the spinning motion of the hydrogen proton it has the same properties as
a bar magnent. the hydrogen protons spinning motion gives it a
A) magnetic charge
B) magnetic spin
C) magnetic moment
D) magnetic precession - ✔✔magnetic moment
✔✔On a proton density image, 2 types of tissue that contain very low concentrations of
hydrogen and appear very hypointense are
A) Cerebral tissue and CSF
B) fat and muscle
C) medullary bone and kidney
, D) cortical bone and lung - ✔✔cerebral tissue and CSF
✔✔in comparison to CT an advantage of MRI is:
A) slower scan time
B) higher cost of the MRI system
C) superior soft tissue contrast resolution
D) ionizing radiation - ✔✔superior soft tissue contrast resolution
✔✔in a loop of conductor in which an electric current is introduced and maintained a
magnetic field will be produced in the center perpendicular to the flow of the electric
current. this is called:
A) Damadian's Law
B) Gabillard's Law
C) Larmor's Law
D) Faraday's Law - ✔✔Faraday's Law
✔✔which type of MRI magnet has attainable field strengths of 0.35T to 3T for clinical
use in the USA and higher strengths elsewhere and in research?
A) superconductive
B) resistive
C) permanent - ✔✔superconductive
✔✔the process of relaxation begins when:
A) B0 is turned off
B) B1 is turned on
C) B1 is turned off
D) B0 is turned on - ✔✔B1 is turned off
✔✔a sinewave is a symbol used to measure electromagnetic energy. A sinewave's 2
components of measurement are:
A) transmit and receive
B) wavelength and frequency
C) stimulation and relaxation
D) gauss and tesla - ✔✔wavelength and frequency
✔✔magnetic fields have direction which are usually designated as north and south
therefore magnetic fields are described as:
A) vectors
B) dipoles
C) protons
D) axes - ✔✔dipoles
✔✔at any one time, human body tissue, in general, is made up of 50-90% of what
substance
