PEDS Summary
🩸 Sickle Cell Crisis
● 📍 Pain Management
○ Treat excruciating pain ➡️ may require high doses of pain medications.
○ May need to trial different meds to find what works.
● 💧 Hydration & Rest
○ Keep patient hydrated and rested.
● 💉 Possible Treatments
○ May require blood transfusions.
🧬 Thalassemia
● 🔗 Cause: Deficiency in globin chain of hemoglobin.
● ⚠️ Risk: Leads to hypoxia.
● 🩸 Treatment:
○ Prevent hypoxia → give blood transfusions.
○ May eventually require bone marrow transplant.
○ Provide emotional support and counseling for transplant.
🧪 Hemophilia
● 🧬 Cause: Deficiency in clotting factors (affects thrombin production).
, ● ⚠️ Risk: Excessive bleeding, can’t clot properly.
● 🛡️ Prevention & Safety
○ Teach patient to avoid injury.
○ Choose low-risk activities (avoid high-impact ones).
○ Control bleeding if it starts.
● 💊 Medications
○ Factor VII (plasma-derived)
○ Factor IX (plasma-derived)
○ Desmopressin (DDAVP)
🧬 Von Willebrand’s Disease
● 🔗 Cause: Deficiency of plasma protein needed for platelet adhesion.
● 💊 Treatment:
○ Desmopressin (DDAVP)
○ Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
○ Rest
● 👀 Monitor for bleeding at:
○ Mouth 👄
○ Nose 👃
💊 Iron Deficiency Anemia (Ferrous Sulfate Teaching)
, ● 🟠 Give with orange juice ➡️ Vitamin C helps iron absorption.
● 🥛 Do NOT give with milk ➡️ Calcium binds iron, blocks absorption.
● 🍽️ Do NOT give at mealtime ➡️ Best between meals.
● 🌙 Do NOT give at bedtime ➡️ Should be taken at least 1 hour before bed.
🩸 Sickle Cell Crisis
● 👩⚕️ Assessment Findings
○ Expected: Pain (main symptom)
○ May have low-grade fever, not high fever
○ Likely to have tachycardia (not bradycardia) due to pain
○ Venous blood flow is obstructed, affecting lungs & liver
○ GI system usually not involved (unless due to opioid use ➡️ constipation)
🩸 Hemophilia A with Hemarthrosis
● ❌ Do NOT:
○ Give aspirin/NSAIDs → increases bleeding risk
○ Apply heat → increases joint bleeding
○ Give autologous transfusion (patient’s own blood lacks clotting factors)
● ✅ Correct Action:
○ Obtain a stool specimen ➡️ to check for GI bleeding
, ⚠️ Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
● 🧬 Cause: Usually post-infection → abnormal clotting → destruction of clotting factors
and platelets
● ⚠️ Results in:
○ No ability to clot
○ Hemorrhaging
○ Obstructed blood flow
● 🩸 S/S:
○ Excessive bleeding, petechiae, hypotension
● 👩⚕️ Nursing Actions:
○ Treat underlying cause (often sepsis)
○ Support symptoms: treat bleeding, hypotension, be gentle with patient
📚 DIC Risk Factors in Children (Select all that apply):
✅ Cancer and chemo
●
✅ Sepsis (most common cause)
✅ Protein C & S deficiencies
❌ NOT just in school-age children
❌ Lyme disease is NOT a risk factor
🧬 ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura)
● 📍 Post-viral autoimmune condition → platelet destruction
● 🩸 S/S: Thrombocytopenia, bruising, petechiae, mucosal bleeding
● 👩⚕️ Treat underlying cause + manage symptoms
🩸 Sickle Cell Crisis
● 📍 Pain Management
○ Treat excruciating pain ➡️ may require high doses of pain medications.
○ May need to trial different meds to find what works.
● 💧 Hydration & Rest
○ Keep patient hydrated and rested.
● 💉 Possible Treatments
○ May require blood transfusions.
🧬 Thalassemia
● 🔗 Cause: Deficiency in globin chain of hemoglobin.
● ⚠️ Risk: Leads to hypoxia.
● 🩸 Treatment:
○ Prevent hypoxia → give blood transfusions.
○ May eventually require bone marrow transplant.
○ Provide emotional support and counseling for transplant.
🧪 Hemophilia
● 🧬 Cause: Deficiency in clotting factors (affects thrombin production).
, ● ⚠️ Risk: Excessive bleeding, can’t clot properly.
● 🛡️ Prevention & Safety
○ Teach patient to avoid injury.
○ Choose low-risk activities (avoid high-impact ones).
○ Control bleeding if it starts.
● 💊 Medications
○ Factor VII (plasma-derived)
○ Factor IX (plasma-derived)
○ Desmopressin (DDAVP)
🧬 Von Willebrand’s Disease
● 🔗 Cause: Deficiency of plasma protein needed for platelet adhesion.
● 💊 Treatment:
○ Desmopressin (DDAVP)
○ Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
○ Rest
● 👀 Monitor for bleeding at:
○ Mouth 👄
○ Nose 👃
💊 Iron Deficiency Anemia (Ferrous Sulfate Teaching)
, ● 🟠 Give with orange juice ➡️ Vitamin C helps iron absorption.
● 🥛 Do NOT give with milk ➡️ Calcium binds iron, blocks absorption.
● 🍽️ Do NOT give at mealtime ➡️ Best between meals.
● 🌙 Do NOT give at bedtime ➡️ Should be taken at least 1 hour before bed.
🩸 Sickle Cell Crisis
● 👩⚕️ Assessment Findings
○ Expected: Pain (main symptom)
○ May have low-grade fever, not high fever
○ Likely to have tachycardia (not bradycardia) due to pain
○ Venous blood flow is obstructed, affecting lungs & liver
○ GI system usually not involved (unless due to opioid use ➡️ constipation)
🩸 Hemophilia A with Hemarthrosis
● ❌ Do NOT:
○ Give aspirin/NSAIDs → increases bleeding risk
○ Apply heat → increases joint bleeding
○ Give autologous transfusion (patient’s own blood lacks clotting factors)
● ✅ Correct Action:
○ Obtain a stool specimen ➡️ to check for GI bleeding
, ⚠️ Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
● 🧬 Cause: Usually post-infection → abnormal clotting → destruction of clotting factors
and platelets
● ⚠️ Results in:
○ No ability to clot
○ Hemorrhaging
○ Obstructed blood flow
● 🩸 S/S:
○ Excessive bleeding, petechiae, hypotension
● 👩⚕️ Nursing Actions:
○ Treat underlying cause (often sepsis)
○ Support symptoms: treat bleeding, hypotension, be gentle with patient
📚 DIC Risk Factors in Children (Select all that apply):
✅ Cancer and chemo
●
✅ Sepsis (most common cause)
✅ Protein C & S deficiencies
❌ NOT just in school-age children
❌ Lyme disease is NOT a risk factor
🧬 ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura)
● 📍 Post-viral autoimmune condition → platelet destruction
● 🩸 S/S: Thrombocytopenia, bruising, petechiae, mucosal bleeding
● 👩⚕️ Treat underlying cause + manage symptoms
