Test Bank For
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
by Ellen Hillegass
5th Edition
,Hillegass: Essentials Of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5th Edition
Chapter 1: Anatomy Of The Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Of The Following Chest Wall Structures Is Located Level With The Second Costal Cartilage
Anteriorly And Thoracic Vertebra T4 And T5 Posteriorly?
A. Sternal Angle
B. Jugular Notch
C. Xiphoid Process
D. Third Costal Cartilage
ANS: A
The Sternal Angle Of The “Angle Of Louis” Is Level With The Second Costal Cartilage Anteriorly And Thoracic
Vertebrae T4 And T5 Posteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus Excuvatum Is BEST Described As:
A. Deformity Of The Sternum Caused By Trauma
B. Caved-In Appearance Of The Chest
C. Diminished Rib Angle Anteriorly
D. Conical Shape Of The Thoracic Cage
ANS: B
Pectus Excuvatum Is A Common Congenital Deformity Of The Anterior Wall Of The Chest, In Which Several
Ribs And The Sternum Grow Abnormally; It Produces A Caved-In Or Sunken Appearance Of The Chest.
PTS: 1
3. The True Ribs Are BEST Defined By Which Of The Following Statements?
A. Vertebrochondral Ribs
B. Vertebrosternal Ribs
,C. Ribs 11 And 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, And 10
ANS: B
The First Seven Ribs Attach Via Their Costal Cartilages To The Sternum And Are Called The True Ribs (Also
Known As The Vertebrosternal Ribs).
PTS: 1
4. Which Of The Following Interventions Is MOST Appropriate For A Patient With Lower Rib Fractures?
A. Short, Shallow Breaths
B. Pursed Lip Breathing
C. Deep Breaths With Splinting
D. Breathing With Arms Raised
ANS: C
It Is Important For All Therapists To Recommend Breathing (Deep Breathing), Splinting (I.E., Pillow), And
Coughing Strategies For Patients With Rib Fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which Of The Following Positions Facilitates Greater Excursion Of Both Hemidiaphragms At Rest?
A. Supine Position
B. Sidelying Position
C. Standing Position
D. Sitting Position
ANS: A
In The Supine Position, Without The Effects Of Gravity, The Level Of The Diaphragm In The Thoracic Cavity
Rises. This Allows For A Relatively Greater Excursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which Of The Following Muscles Help To Achieve The Active Process Of Inspiration At Rest?
, A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal Muscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: B
The Diaphragm And Internal Intercostals (Intercartilaginous Portion) Are The Essential Muscles To Achieve The
Active Process Of Inspiration At Rest. Abdominal Muscles Assist With Expiration. The Sternocleidomastoid And
Trapezius Are Accessory Muscles And Assist With A More Forceful Inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which Of The Following Accessory Muscles Of Ventilation Function To Elevate And Fix The First And
Second Ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
B. Serratus Anterior
C. Latissimus Dorsi
D. Scalene Muscle ANS: D
The Scalene Muscles Lie Deep To The Sternocleidomastoid, But May Be Palpated In The Posterior Triangle Of
The Neck. These Muscles Function As A Unit To Elevate And Fix The First And Second Ribs. The
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Elevates The Sternum.
PTS: 1
8. When The Arms And Shoulders Are Fixed, By Leaning On The Elbows Or Grasping Onto A Table, This
Muscle Can Use Its Insertion As Its Origin And Facilitate An Increase In The A-P Diameter Of The Thorax.
A. Upper Trapezius
B. Pectoralis Major
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus Anterior
ANS: B
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
by Ellen Hillegass
5th Edition
,Hillegass: Essentials Of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5th Edition
Chapter 1: Anatomy Of The Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Of The Following Chest Wall Structures Is Located Level With The Second Costal Cartilage
Anteriorly And Thoracic Vertebra T4 And T5 Posteriorly?
A. Sternal Angle
B. Jugular Notch
C. Xiphoid Process
D. Third Costal Cartilage
ANS: A
The Sternal Angle Of The “Angle Of Louis” Is Level With The Second Costal Cartilage Anteriorly And Thoracic
Vertebrae T4 And T5 Posteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus Excuvatum Is BEST Described As:
A. Deformity Of The Sternum Caused By Trauma
B. Caved-In Appearance Of The Chest
C. Diminished Rib Angle Anteriorly
D. Conical Shape Of The Thoracic Cage
ANS: B
Pectus Excuvatum Is A Common Congenital Deformity Of The Anterior Wall Of The Chest, In Which Several
Ribs And The Sternum Grow Abnormally; It Produces A Caved-In Or Sunken Appearance Of The Chest.
PTS: 1
3. The True Ribs Are BEST Defined By Which Of The Following Statements?
A. Vertebrochondral Ribs
B. Vertebrosternal Ribs
,C. Ribs 11 And 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, And 10
ANS: B
The First Seven Ribs Attach Via Their Costal Cartilages To The Sternum And Are Called The True Ribs (Also
Known As The Vertebrosternal Ribs).
PTS: 1
4. Which Of The Following Interventions Is MOST Appropriate For A Patient With Lower Rib Fractures?
A. Short, Shallow Breaths
B. Pursed Lip Breathing
C. Deep Breaths With Splinting
D. Breathing With Arms Raised
ANS: C
It Is Important For All Therapists To Recommend Breathing (Deep Breathing), Splinting (I.E., Pillow), And
Coughing Strategies For Patients With Rib Fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which Of The Following Positions Facilitates Greater Excursion Of Both Hemidiaphragms At Rest?
A. Supine Position
B. Sidelying Position
C. Standing Position
D. Sitting Position
ANS: A
In The Supine Position, Without The Effects Of Gravity, The Level Of The Diaphragm In The Thoracic Cavity
Rises. This Allows For A Relatively Greater Excursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which Of The Following Muscles Help To Achieve The Active Process Of Inspiration At Rest?
, A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal Muscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: B
The Diaphragm And Internal Intercostals (Intercartilaginous Portion) Are The Essential Muscles To Achieve The
Active Process Of Inspiration At Rest. Abdominal Muscles Assist With Expiration. The Sternocleidomastoid And
Trapezius Are Accessory Muscles And Assist With A More Forceful Inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which Of The Following Accessory Muscles Of Ventilation Function To Elevate And Fix The First And
Second Ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
B. Serratus Anterior
C. Latissimus Dorsi
D. Scalene Muscle ANS: D
The Scalene Muscles Lie Deep To The Sternocleidomastoid, But May Be Palpated In The Posterior Triangle Of
The Neck. These Muscles Function As A Unit To Elevate And Fix The First And Second Ribs. The
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Elevates The Sternum.
PTS: 1
8. When The Arms And Shoulders Are Fixed, By Leaning On The Elbows Or Grasping Onto A Table, This
Muscle Can Use Its Insertion As Its Origin And Facilitate An Increase In The A-P Diameter Of The Thorax.
A. Upper Trapezius
B. Pectoralis Major
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus Anterior
ANS: B
