BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Activation Energy - (ANSWER)amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid - (ANSWER)Joined by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein. Are the building blocks of
proteins
Carbohydrate - (ANSWER)(monosaccharides) main source of energy for the cell; CHO
Catalyst - (ANSWER)Used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction
Enzyme - (ANSWER)Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid - (ANSWER)(1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy storage, make up the phospholipid
bilayer; CHO
Monosaccharide - (ANSWER)simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and sucrose)
Nucleic Acids - (ANSWER)Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic information - DNA and RNA
Protein - (ANSWER)(amino acids) referred to as the building blocks, genes code for these. CHON
Cell Theory - (ANSWER)All living things are made of cells; Cells come from other cells; Cells are the basic
structure and function of an organism
Differentiation - (ANSWER)The process by which Stem cells start to perform their jobs aka their function
Eukaryote - (ANSWER)Cells that have a nucleus, larger, complex, and have membrane bound organelles
(Ex. Plants and Animals)
Multicellular Organisms - (ANSWER)Organisms composed of many cells (Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)
, BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Organelles - (ANSWER)Small structures that perform various functions for the cell (reside within the
cytoplasm).
Prokaryote - (ANSWER)Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (few membrane bound organelles) (Ex.
Bacteria)
Stem Cells - (ANSWER)Undifferentiated cells. Two types are embryonic or somatic (adult)
Unicellular Organism - (ANSWER)Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport - (ANSWER)No energy required; transport of small and medium sized materials (gas,
water, uncharged particles) across the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low
concentration (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion - (ANSWER)No energy required; transports molecules from high to low concentrations in order
to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis - (ANSWER)No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations in order to
even them out
Facilitated Diffusion - (ANSWER)"Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help move material across the
plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy (high to low)
Homeostasis - (ANSWER)Maintaining of a stable internal environment
Active Transport - (ANSWER)Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across the cell
through pumps and vesicles. From a low concentration to a high concentration
Vesicles - (ANSWER)Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even with the
help of a transport protein
Activation Energy - (ANSWER)amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid - (ANSWER)Joined by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein. Are the building blocks of
proteins
Carbohydrate - (ANSWER)(monosaccharides) main source of energy for the cell; CHO
Catalyst - (ANSWER)Used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction
Enzyme - (ANSWER)Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid - (ANSWER)(1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy storage, make up the phospholipid
bilayer; CHO
Monosaccharide - (ANSWER)simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and sucrose)
Nucleic Acids - (ANSWER)Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic information - DNA and RNA
Protein - (ANSWER)(amino acids) referred to as the building blocks, genes code for these. CHON
Cell Theory - (ANSWER)All living things are made of cells; Cells come from other cells; Cells are the basic
structure and function of an organism
Differentiation - (ANSWER)The process by which Stem cells start to perform their jobs aka their function
Eukaryote - (ANSWER)Cells that have a nucleus, larger, complex, and have membrane bound organelles
(Ex. Plants and Animals)
Multicellular Organisms - (ANSWER)Organisms composed of many cells (Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)
, BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Organelles - (ANSWER)Small structures that perform various functions for the cell (reside within the
cytoplasm).
Prokaryote - (ANSWER)Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (few membrane bound organelles) (Ex.
Bacteria)
Stem Cells - (ANSWER)Undifferentiated cells. Two types are embryonic or somatic (adult)
Unicellular Organism - (ANSWER)Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport - (ANSWER)No energy required; transport of small and medium sized materials (gas,
water, uncharged particles) across the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low
concentration (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion - (ANSWER)No energy required; transports molecules from high to low concentrations in order
to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis - (ANSWER)No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations in order to
even them out
Facilitated Diffusion - (ANSWER)"Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help move material across the
plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy (high to low)
Homeostasis - (ANSWER)Maintaining of a stable internal environment
Active Transport - (ANSWER)Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across the cell
through pumps and vesicles. From a low concentration to a high concentration
Vesicles - (ANSWER)Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even with the
help of a transport protein
