8.DSST HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Core competencies - correct answer an integrated knowledge within an organization that sets it
out from the competition.
Informal factors - correct answer includes the social environment of the workplace and
informal work groups.
Job description - correct answer a written description of the basic tasks, duties, minimum
required experience, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job.
Selection - correct answer the process of screening, interviewing, and hiring individuals.
Cash compensation - correct answer includes hourly wages, salaries, and bonuses.
Non-cash compensation - correct answer includes other employee benefits, such as health
insurance, pension contributions, tuition reimbursement, and legal assistance programs.
Separations - correct answer the different conditions upon which someone leaves a company;
may be voluntary or involuntary.
Hygiene factors - correct answer the working conditions, pay, company policies, and
interpersonal relationships; they help eliminate job satisfaction, but do not motivate the
employee according to the two-factor theory.
Motivators - correct answer the need for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and growth;
they both eliminate job dissatisfaction and stimulate motivation.
Positive reinforcement - correct answer reward given for desired behavior.
,Negative reinforcement - correct answer removal of something unpleasant for desire behavior.
Punishment - correct answer giving something unpleasant for an undesired behavior.
Extinction - correct answer withdrawal of a reward.
Continuous reinforcement - correct answer when every desired behavior is reinforced; effective
when the behavior is new.
Partial reinforcement - correct answer when some of the desired behavior is reinforced. Can be
classified into four groups: fixed-interval, fixed-ratio, variable-interval, and variable-ratio.
Fixed-interval reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to a specific time interval.
Results in average and irregular performance.
Fixed-ratio reinforcement - correct answer rewards after a specific number of desired
behaviors. Results in high or stable performance.
Variable-interval reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to random times. Results in
moderately high and stable performance.
Variable-ratio reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to a random number of
behaviors. Results in very high performance.
Leadership - correct answer the ability to influence people to achieve goals for the organization.
Legitimate leadership - correct answer leadership dependent upon one's position within the
company.
, Reward leadership - correct answer leadership based on the control that management has over
rewarding subordinates.
Coercive leadership - correct answer leadership based on the control that management has
over punishing subordinates.
Expert power - correct answer power based on individual expertise.
Referent power - correct answer power derived from the degree in which one is admired and
people want to emulate them.
Authoritarian leadership type - correct answer characterized by dictatorship that dismisses
input from team members; decides the term of tasks and who will perform the work to be
done.
Democratic leadership type - correct answer characterized by an open-line communication
between workers and management; values team-input, and facilitates group cooperation
without being overly active within the group.
Laissez-faire leadership type - correct answer hands-off approach over all decision-making
without any further involvement unless asked to participate.
Transactional leader - correct answer a leader that clarifies roles, initiates structure, provides
rewards, and is considerate of employees; fair, hardworking, and tolerant; emphasizes job-
oriented(not personal) needs.
Charismatic leader - correct answer a leader that has an ability to motivate employees to go
beyond expectations; less predictable than transactional and embrace new ideas. Charismatic
leaders are visionaries; they try to get others to see a better future and their participation in it.
ANSWERS
Core competencies - correct answer an integrated knowledge within an organization that sets it
out from the competition.
Informal factors - correct answer includes the social environment of the workplace and
informal work groups.
Job description - correct answer a written description of the basic tasks, duties, minimum
required experience, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job.
Selection - correct answer the process of screening, interviewing, and hiring individuals.
Cash compensation - correct answer includes hourly wages, salaries, and bonuses.
Non-cash compensation - correct answer includes other employee benefits, such as health
insurance, pension contributions, tuition reimbursement, and legal assistance programs.
Separations - correct answer the different conditions upon which someone leaves a company;
may be voluntary or involuntary.
Hygiene factors - correct answer the working conditions, pay, company policies, and
interpersonal relationships; they help eliminate job satisfaction, but do not motivate the
employee according to the two-factor theory.
Motivators - correct answer the need for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and growth;
they both eliminate job dissatisfaction and stimulate motivation.
Positive reinforcement - correct answer reward given for desired behavior.
,Negative reinforcement - correct answer removal of something unpleasant for desire behavior.
Punishment - correct answer giving something unpleasant for an undesired behavior.
Extinction - correct answer withdrawal of a reward.
Continuous reinforcement - correct answer when every desired behavior is reinforced; effective
when the behavior is new.
Partial reinforcement - correct answer when some of the desired behavior is reinforced. Can be
classified into four groups: fixed-interval, fixed-ratio, variable-interval, and variable-ratio.
Fixed-interval reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to a specific time interval.
Results in average and irregular performance.
Fixed-ratio reinforcement - correct answer rewards after a specific number of desired
behaviors. Results in high or stable performance.
Variable-interval reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to random times. Results in
moderately high and stable performance.
Variable-ratio reinforcement - correct answer rewards according to a random number of
behaviors. Results in very high performance.
Leadership - correct answer the ability to influence people to achieve goals for the organization.
Legitimate leadership - correct answer leadership dependent upon one's position within the
company.
, Reward leadership - correct answer leadership based on the control that management has over
rewarding subordinates.
Coercive leadership - correct answer leadership based on the control that management has
over punishing subordinates.
Expert power - correct answer power based on individual expertise.
Referent power - correct answer power derived from the degree in which one is admired and
people want to emulate them.
Authoritarian leadership type - correct answer characterized by dictatorship that dismisses
input from team members; decides the term of tasks and who will perform the work to be
done.
Democratic leadership type - correct answer characterized by an open-line communication
between workers and management; values team-input, and facilitates group cooperation
without being overly active within the group.
Laissez-faire leadership type - correct answer hands-off approach over all decision-making
without any further involvement unless asked to participate.
Transactional leader - correct answer a leader that clarifies roles, initiates structure, provides
rewards, and is considerate of employees; fair, hardworking, and tolerant; emphasizes job-
oriented(not personal) needs.
Charismatic leader - correct answer a leader that has an ability to motivate employees to go
beyond expectations; less predictable than transactional and embrace new ideas. Charismatic
leaders are visionaries; they try to get others to see a better future and their participation in it.
