Page 1 of 41
NUR 2571 / NUR2571 Final Exam (Latest 2025:
Professional Nursing II / PN 2 - Rasmussen
Serum Sodium Levels .....ANSWER.....135 - 145
Serum Potassium Levels .....ANSWER.....3.5 - 5.0
Serum Magnesium Levels .....ANSWER.....1.5 - 2
Serum Calcium Levels .....ANSWER.....8.5 - 10.9
PaO2 .....ANSWER.....80 - 100
PaCO2 .....ANSWER.....35 - 45
(Remember pH is 7.35 - 7.45?, use this to remember 35-45 for
CO2. Also remember PaCO2 is an aCid.)
Bicarbonate/ HCO3 .....ANSWER.....22 - 26
(Bicarbonate is a Base)
Blood pH .....ANSWER.....7.35 - 7.45
Glucose .....ANSWER.....70 - 100
,Page 2 of 41
Urine Specific Gravity .....ANSWER.....1.010 - 1.030
BUN .....ANSWER.....8 - 22
Creatinine .....ANSWER.....0.6 - 1.35
Total Cholesterol .....ANSWER.....130 - 200
Protein .....ANSWER.....6.2 - 8.1
Albumin .....ANSWER.....3.5 - 5.0
(Same as Potassium, both have similar letters - A, I, U, M)
WBCs .....ANSWER.....5,000 - 10,000
(If elevated can indicate infection)
Platelets .....ANSWER.....200,000 - 400,000
(Decrease prolongs coagulation, may indicate anemia.)
Hemoglobin .....ANSWER.....Women: 12 - 16
Men: 14 - 18
Hematocrit .....ANSWER.....Women: 37% - 48%
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Men: 45% - 52%
Hyponatremia (Cause) .....ANSWER.....Diuretics
HYPOtonic IV solutions
Excessive water intake
Hyponatremia (Patho) .....ANSWER.....Fluid shifts from ECF to ICF
Cells swell with fluids
Can cause ICP if the brain swells
Hyponatremia (S/S) .....ANSWER.....Bounding pulse
Tachycardia
HYPOtension
Pale, dry skin
Low urine specific gravity
Lethargy
Seizures**
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N/V/D
HYPERactive bowel sounds
Hypernatremia (Etiology) .....ANSWER.....Excessive sweating
Diuretics (Can also cause hyponatremia)
Diabetes Insipidus
Dehydration
Hypernatremia (Patho) .....ANSWER.....Fluid shifts from ICF to
ECF.
Hypernatremia (S/S) .....ANSWER.....Tachycardia
HYPERtension
Cardiac contractability is decreased
Flushed skin
Rough, dry tongue
Tremor
NUR 2571 / NUR2571 Final Exam (Latest 2025:
Professional Nursing II / PN 2 - Rasmussen
Serum Sodium Levels .....ANSWER.....135 - 145
Serum Potassium Levels .....ANSWER.....3.5 - 5.0
Serum Magnesium Levels .....ANSWER.....1.5 - 2
Serum Calcium Levels .....ANSWER.....8.5 - 10.9
PaO2 .....ANSWER.....80 - 100
PaCO2 .....ANSWER.....35 - 45
(Remember pH is 7.35 - 7.45?, use this to remember 35-45 for
CO2. Also remember PaCO2 is an aCid.)
Bicarbonate/ HCO3 .....ANSWER.....22 - 26
(Bicarbonate is a Base)
Blood pH .....ANSWER.....7.35 - 7.45
Glucose .....ANSWER.....70 - 100
,Page 2 of 41
Urine Specific Gravity .....ANSWER.....1.010 - 1.030
BUN .....ANSWER.....8 - 22
Creatinine .....ANSWER.....0.6 - 1.35
Total Cholesterol .....ANSWER.....130 - 200
Protein .....ANSWER.....6.2 - 8.1
Albumin .....ANSWER.....3.5 - 5.0
(Same as Potassium, both have similar letters - A, I, U, M)
WBCs .....ANSWER.....5,000 - 10,000
(If elevated can indicate infection)
Platelets .....ANSWER.....200,000 - 400,000
(Decrease prolongs coagulation, may indicate anemia.)
Hemoglobin .....ANSWER.....Women: 12 - 16
Men: 14 - 18
Hematocrit .....ANSWER.....Women: 37% - 48%
,Page 3 of 41
Men: 45% - 52%
Hyponatremia (Cause) .....ANSWER.....Diuretics
HYPOtonic IV solutions
Excessive water intake
Hyponatremia (Patho) .....ANSWER.....Fluid shifts from ECF to ICF
Cells swell with fluids
Can cause ICP if the brain swells
Hyponatremia (S/S) .....ANSWER.....Bounding pulse
Tachycardia
HYPOtension
Pale, dry skin
Low urine specific gravity
Lethargy
Seizures**
, Page 4 of 41
N/V/D
HYPERactive bowel sounds
Hypernatremia (Etiology) .....ANSWER.....Excessive sweating
Diuretics (Can also cause hyponatremia)
Diabetes Insipidus
Dehydration
Hypernatremia (Patho) .....ANSWER.....Fluid shifts from ICF to
ECF.
Hypernatremia (S/S) .....ANSWER.....Tachycardia
HYPERtension
Cardiac contractability is decreased
Flushed skin
Rough, dry tongue
Tremor
