NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 2 Study Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
What is the difference between AKI and CKD?
-The kidneys do not work
-In acute kidney injury (AKI), there is a problem elsewhere that leads to a problem
with the kidneys, and is almost always reversible
-In chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a problem with the kidneys, and it is not
reverisble
What are the most effective (strongest) diuretics?
Loop diuretics
What are examples of loop diuretics?
-Bumetanide (Bumex)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Torsemide (Demadex)
What is the MOA of loop diuretics?
Preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the nephron loop
Where do loop diuretics work?
Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
What is the indication of loop diuretics?
-Alternative for hypertension
-Congestive heart failure
-Edema (various sources)
What is an adverse effect of loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity
What is the black box warning for loop diuretics?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
NUR 354
,NUR 354
What is are important education points to provide to a client who is taking a
diuretic?
-Decrease sodium intake (< 2g/day)
-It increases urine output, so do not take the medication at night
Why are loop diuretics more potent than thiazide diuretics?
They are more effective in unloading sodium and water
What are examples of thiazide diuretics?
-Chlorthalidone
-Hydrochlorothiazide/"HCTZ" (Microzide)
What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
Preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal convoluted tubule
What is the indication of thiazide diuretics?
-First line treatment for hypertension
-Edema
Where do thiazide diuretics work?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is another name for potassium-sparing diuretics?
Aldosterone antagonists
What is the MOA of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Inhibiting aldosterone to prevent reabsorption in the collecting duct
Where do potassium-sparing diuretics (aldosterone antagonists) work?
Collecting duct
What is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
What is the indication of potassium-sparing diuretics?
NUR 354
, NUR 354
-Edema
-Heart failure
-Hypertension
What is an adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
What is an important education point for a client who is taking potassium-sparing
diuretics?
Do not use with other medications that can cause hyperkalemia (ACE inhibitors,
ARBs)
What is the indication of ADH?
-Cardiac arrest
-Severe shock
What is an example of an osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
What is the indication of osmotic diuretics?
-Increase kidney perfusion
-Reduction of ICP
What CAM is used for the prevention of UTIs?
Cranberry juice
What is a key consideration for those taking a medication that have CKD/AKI?
Requires medication dosages to be adjusted based on kidney function
What drug class does acetazolamide (Diamox) belong to?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
What is the indication of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 2 Study Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
What is the difference between AKI and CKD?
-The kidneys do not work
-In acute kidney injury (AKI), there is a problem elsewhere that leads to a problem
with the kidneys, and is almost always reversible
-In chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a problem with the kidneys, and it is not
reverisble
What are the most effective (strongest) diuretics?
Loop diuretics
What are examples of loop diuretics?
-Bumetanide (Bumex)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Torsemide (Demadex)
What is the MOA of loop diuretics?
Preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the nephron loop
Where do loop diuretics work?
Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
What is the indication of loop diuretics?
-Alternative for hypertension
-Congestive heart failure
-Edema (various sources)
What is an adverse effect of loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity
What is the black box warning for loop diuretics?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
NUR 354
,NUR 354
What is are important education points to provide to a client who is taking a
diuretic?
-Decrease sodium intake (< 2g/day)
-It increases urine output, so do not take the medication at night
Why are loop diuretics more potent than thiazide diuretics?
They are more effective in unloading sodium and water
What are examples of thiazide diuretics?
-Chlorthalidone
-Hydrochlorothiazide/"HCTZ" (Microzide)
What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
Preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal convoluted tubule
What is the indication of thiazide diuretics?
-First line treatment for hypertension
-Edema
Where do thiazide diuretics work?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is another name for potassium-sparing diuretics?
Aldosterone antagonists
What is the MOA of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Inhibiting aldosterone to prevent reabsorption in the collecting duct
Where do potassium-sparing diuretics (aldosterone antagonists) work?
Collecting duct
What is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
What is the indication of potassium-sparing diuretics?
NUR 354
, NUR 354
-Edema
-Heart failure
-Hypertension
What is an adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
What is an important education point for a client who is taking potassium-sparing
diuretics?
Do not use with other medications that can cause hyperkalemia (ACE inhibitors,
ARBs)
What is the indication of ADH?
-Cardiac arrest
-Severe shock
What is an example of an osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
What is the indication of osmotic diuretics?
-Increase kidney perfusion
-Reduction of ICP
What CAM is used for the prevention of UTIs?
Cranberry juice
What is a key consideration for those taking a medication that have CKD/AKI?
Requires medication dosages to be adjusted based on kidney function
What drug class does acetazolamide (Diamox) belong to?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
What is the indication of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
NUR 354
