NSG 252 Exam 3 Latest 2025/2026
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
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immune defenses - CORRECT ANSWER--Body system defenses (ex. skin, cilia,
pH)
-Inflammatory response
-Immune response
-Normal flora (using broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause a depletion, resulting in
a superinfection) ex. candida
,infectious agent - CORRECT ANSWER-# of organisms, virulence, length of
contact, person's immunity
reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER-where organisms grow and multiply (need
adequate O2, H2O, pH, light, food, temperature)
portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER-through blood, skin, mucous membranes,
resp. tract, GI tract, GU tract, mom to fetus
direct transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-person to person
indirect transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-(dressings, needles, environment)--
> pt has come in contact with these items
droplet transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-large, up to 3 feet, w/ coughing,
talking, etc
airborne transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-on dust particles- travel further
than 3 feet
,vehicle transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-contaminated items, blood, water,
food through improper preparation or storage, drugs
vector transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-mosquito, fleas, ticks, lice, flies via
external transfer
portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER-through damage to body system barriers,
ingestion
susceptibility is based on what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intact skin, mucous
membranes, immunity
normal pH of GI, GU
age (very young and very old), race, heredity
immunizations
WBC's
Fatigue, climate, illness, med's, nutrition
stress r/t nursing school as evidenced by crying
invasive/indwelling devices
, localized infection symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-normal signs of
inflammation (rubor/redness, callor/heat, dolor/pain, tumor/swelling, loss of fxn)
Redness is from hyperemia and vasodilation
Heat is from increased metabolism from hyperemia
Pain- pressure on nerves from edema, pH change, chemical mediators affect
nerves
Swelling from fluid shift to interstitial spaces
Loss of fxn: pain and swelling
systemic infection symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-Leukocytosis→ increased
circulating leukocytes, platelets Malaise, nausea, anorexia→ from chemical
mediators
Fever and chills→ cytokines change hypothalamic temp.
HAI's - CORRECT ANSWER-healthcare associated infections, usually from HCP,
sometimes based on workforce shortages
endogenous - CORRECT ANSWER-depletion of normal flora, causing an
infection (ex. from antibiotics)
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
A+|Brand New Version
immune defenses - CORRECT ANSWER--Body system defenses (ex. skin, cilia,
pH)
-Inflammatory response
-Immune response
-Normal flora (using broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause a depletion, resulting in
a superinfection) ex. candida
,infectious agent - CORRECT ANSWER-# of organisms, virulence, length of
contact, person's immunity
reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER-where organisms grow and multiply (need
adequate O2, H2O, pH, light, food, temperature)
portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER-through blood, skin, mucous membranes,
resp. tract, GI tract, GU tract, mom to fetus
direct transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-person to person
indirect transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-(dressings, needles, environment)--
> pt has come in contact with these items
droplet transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-large, up to 3 feet, w/ coughing,
talking, etc
airborne transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-on dust particles- travel further
than 3 feet
,vehicle transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-contaminated items, blood, water,
food through improper preparation or storage, drugs
vector transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-mosquito, fleas, ticks, lice, flies via
external transfer
portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER-through damage to body system barriers,
ingestion
susceptibility is based on what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intact skin, mucous
membranes, immunity
normal pH of GI, GU
age (very young and very old), race, heredity
immunizations
WBC's
Fatigue, climate, illness, med's, nutrition
stress r/t nursing school as evidenced by crying
invasive/indwelling devices
, localized infection symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-normal signs of
inflammation (rubor/redness, callor/heat, dolor/pain, tumor/swelling, loss of fxn)
Redness is from hyperemia and vasodilation
Heat is from increased metabolism from hyperemia
Pain- pressure on nerves from edema, pH change, chemical mediators affect
nerves
Swelling from fluid shift to interstitial spaces
Loss of fxn: pain and swelling
systemic infection symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-Leukocytosis→ increased
circulating leukocytes, platelets Malaise, nausea, anorexia→ from chemical
mediators
Fever and chills→ cytokines change hypothalamic temp.
HAI's - CORRECT ANSWER-healthcare associated infections, usually from HCP,
sometimes based on workforce shortages
endogenous - CORRECT ANSWER-depletion of normal flora, causing an
infection (ex. from antibiotics)
