WCU PATHO 370 BAROON WEEK 2 QUIZZES WITH
COMPLETE REVIEWED ANSWERS.PASSED WITH
FIRST TIME TRIAL
Defends body against invasion or infection by antigens
Patrols for and destroys abnormal or damaged cells - answer ✔✔-Immune System
Excessive immune response
and Deficient immune response - answer ✔✔-Types of Alterations in Immune System
Over- or hyper-functioning of immune system - answer ✔✔-Excessive immune response
Ineffective immune response - answer ✔✔-Deficient immune response
Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity
-both leads to inflammation - answer ✔✔-Excessive Immune Responses Types
Immune system attacks own tissues
-Cause: abnormal excessive immune responses toward own tissues
-MHC genes (HLA) **appear to increase risk of autoimmune disorders
-females at higher risk ** - answer ✔✔-Autoimmunity
Appear to increase risk of autoimmune disorders. Females at higher risk - answer ✔✔-MHC genes (HLA)
Individualized immunosuppressive therapy
-Corticosteroids and cytotoxins
-Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and immunomodulators
-Therapeutic plasmapheresis - answer ✔✔-Autoimmunity Treatment
,Describes the mechanism of injury, exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular
substance
May or may not involve autoimmunity - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity
Mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity types I, II, and III
Mediated by T cells - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity type IV
-Strong genetic or hereditary linkage regarding IgE response to antigens (allergens)
-Involves ability to respond to antigen and to produce an IgE antibody response
-Usually have high IgE levels - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Etiology
aka immediate hypersensitivity
-Reaction occurs 15-30 minutes after exposure to antigen/allergen
-IgE is principle mediating antibody
-Mast cells and basophils principle effector cells
-IgE binds to Fc receptors on mast cells
-Mast cell exposed to antigen with crosslinked IgE-Fc receptors
-Increased intracellular calcium results in immediate, massive, local mast cell degranulation of
proinflammatory mediators
-Released mediators cause inflammatory response
(Histamine, Heparin, Proteolytic enzymes, Chemotactic factors) - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity
Pathogenesis
most important mediator in Type I Hypersensitivity
-Has different receptors (H1-H4); each receptor causes different responses - answer ✔✔-Histamine
* Increased vascular permeability
• Vasodilation
,• Urticaria
• Smooth muscle constriction
• Increased mucus secretion
• Pruritus (H1 receptor stimulated) - answer ✔✔-Histamine causes
• Hives
• Seasonal allergic rhinitis
• Eczema - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Clinical Manifestations: Mild
* Throat constriction
• Localized edema
• Wheezing
• Tachycardia - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Clinical Manifestations: More problematic symptoms
Most life-threatening reaction; occurs in very small number of highly allergic individuals - answer ✔✔-
Anaphylaxis
Antihistamines, Beta-adrenergics, Corticosteroids, Anticholinergics
-IgE therapy
-Epinephrine - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Treatment
Block the effects of histamine - answer ✔✔-Antihistamines
Decrease bronchoconstriction - answer ✔✔-Beta-adrenergics
Decrease inflammatory response - answer ✔✔-Corticosteroids
Block parasympathetic system - answer ✔✔-Anticholinergics
, Inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells - answer ✔✔-IgE therapy
- Adrenergic agent given subQ or IV during acute allergic reactions
- Highly allergic people can carry an EpiPen - answer ✔✔-Epinephrine
-Infancy and pregnancy
-Pharmacologic desensitization - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Prevention
aka tissue-specific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity
• Often immediate reaction, but some occur over time
• Antibodies attack antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues causing lysis
• Cell lysis may be mediated by Activated complement fragments (membrane attack complex) - answer
✔✔-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Type II Hypersensitivity
- Individual receives blood from someone with a different blood group type
-Recipient antibodies attach to the donor's red blood cell (RBC) antigens - answer ✔✔-Transfusion
reaction
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Affects neuromuscular junction: primarily the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) - answer ✔✔-Myasthenia
gravis
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Neutrophils bind to target cells; block receptors from normal functioning, causing injury to or
malfunction of involved tissue - answer ✔✔-Graves disease and lymphocytic thryroiditis
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Transplanted donor tissue has an antigen to which recipient has preformed antibodies
-Can occur quickly with revascularization
COMPLETE REVIEWED ANSWERS.PASSED WITH
FIRST TIME TRIAL
Defends body against invasion or infection by antigens
Patrols for and destroys abnormal or damaged cells - answer ✔✔-Immune System
Excessive immune response
and Deficient immune response - answer ✔✔-Types of Alterations in Immune System
Over- or hyper-functioning of immune system - answer ✔✔-Excessive immune response
Ineffective immune response - answer ✔✔-Deficient immune response
Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity
-both leads to inflammation - answer ✔✔-Excessive Immune Responses Types
Immune system attacks own tissues
-Cause: abnormal excessive immune responses toward own tissues
-MHC genes (HLA) **appear to increase risk of autoimmune disorders
-females at higher risk ** - answer ✔✔-Autoimmunity
Appear to increase risk of autoimmune disorders. Females at higher risk - answer ✔✔-MHC genes (HLA)
Individualized immunosuppressive therapy
-Corticosteroids and cytotoxins
-Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and immunomodulators
-Therapeutic plasmapheresis - answer ✔✔-Autoimmunity Treatment
,Describes the mechanism of injury, exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular
substance
May or may not involve autoimmunity - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity
Mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity types I, II, and III
Mediated by T cells - answer ✔✔-Hypersensitivity type IV
-Strong genetic or hereditary linkage regarding IgE response to antigens (allergens)
-Involves ability to respond to antigen and to produce an IgE antibody response
-Usually have high IgE levels - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Etiology
aka immediate hypersensitivity
-Reaction occurs 15-30 minutes after exposure to antigen/allergen
-IgE is principle mediating antibody
-Mast cells and basophils principle effector cells
-IgE binds to Fc receptors on mast cells
-Mast cell exposed to antigen with crosslinked IgE-Fc receptors
-Increased intracellular calcium results in immediate, massive, local mast cell degranulation of
proinflammatory mediators
-Released mediators cause inflammatory response
(Histamine, Heparin, Proteolytic enzymes, Chemotactic factors) - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity
Pathogenesis
most important mediator in Type I Hypersensitivity
-Has different receptors (H1-H4); each receptor causes different responses - answer ✔✔-Histamine
* Increased vascular permeability
• Vasodilation
,• Urticaria
• Smooth muscle constriction
• Increased mucus secretion
• Pruritus (H1 receptor stimulated) - answer ✔✔-Histamine causes
• Hives
• Seasonal allergic rhinitis
• Eczema - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Clinical Manifestations: Mild
* Throat constriction
• Localized edema
• Wheezing
• Tachycardia - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Clinical Manifestations: More problematic symptoms
Most life-threatening reaction; occurs in very small number of highly allergic individuals - answer ✔✔-
Anaphylaxis
Antihistamines, Beta-adrenergics, Corticosteroids, Anticholinergics
-IgE therapy
-Epinephrine - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Treatment
Block the effects of histamine - answer ✔✔-Antihistamines
Decrease bronchoconstriction - answer ✔✔-Beta-adrenergics
Decrease inflammatory response - answer ✔✔-Corticosteroids
Block parasympathetic system - answer ✔✔-Anticholinergics
, Inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells - answer ✔✔-IgE therapy
- Adrenergic agent given subQ or IV during acute allergic reactions
- Highly allergic people can carry an EpiPen - answer ✔✔-Epinephrine
-Infancy and pregnancy
-Pharmacologic desensitization - answer ✔✔-Type I Hypersensitivity Prevention
aka tissue-specific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity
• Often immediate reaction, but some occur over time
• Antibodies attack antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues causing lysis
• Cell lysis may be mediated by Activated complement fragments (membrane attack complex) - answer
✔✔-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Type II Hypersensitivity
- Individual receives blood from someone with a different blood group type
-Recipient antibodies attach to the donor's red blood cell (RBC) antigens - answer ✔✔-Transfusion
reaction
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Affects neuromuscular junction: primarily the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) - answer ✔✔-Myasthenia
gravis
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Neutrophils bind to target cells; block receptors from normal functioning, causing injury to or
malfunction of involved tissue - answer ✔✔-Graves disease and lymphocytic thryroiditis
-Type II Hypersensitivity
-Transplanted donor tissue has an antigen to which recipient has preformed antibodies
-Can occur quickly with revascularization
