9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
NAVLE CANINE ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS \REAL EXAM NAVLE CANINE VERIFIED
100% ALREADY GRADED A+ \LATEST UPDATE
Right lateral
Which radiographic view is
This is because the gas that will
used to diagnosed gastric
fill the left displaced pylorus in
dilation and volvulus (GDV)?
this position and fluid will move
to the gastric fundus area,
making the pylorus more
visible and detectable.
When looking at a canine Counter-clockwise rotation
patient from cranial to
caudal, what direction does
the stomach rotate in a
patient with GDV?
Osteosarcoma is the most
common primary bone tumor in
dogs. It most commonly occurs
in large and giant breed dogs in
the metaphyseal regions of the
appendicular skeleton (distal
radius, proximal humerus, distal
femur, proximal tibia). It is locally
and metastatically aggressive.
Remember
- away from the elbows and towards the knees!
Clinical Signs
Chronic or acute lameness
/ 1/90
,9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Diagnosis
Radiographs of the limb
showing lytic and productive
What is lesions at the metaphysis of the
bone
Osteosarcoma? -- A diaphyseal lesion should
raise red flags and cause you to
What are the assume this is a metastatic lesion
-- Osteosarcoma does NOT cross joints!
Fine Needle Aspirate
clinical signs?
Thoracic Radiographs - to
determine the presence of
How is it
pulmonary metastasis
Blood work
diagnosed?
-- elevations in alkaline
phosphate (ALP) is associated
How is it treated?
with a worse prognosis
Treatment
Amputation
Chemotherapy - Cisplatin or
Carboplastin and Adriamycin
(doxorubicin), or
Bisphosphonates
A combination of amputation and
chemotherapy is the gold
standard
Prognosis with amputation and
chemotherapy is best at 10-12
months. Amputation alone is 4-6
months in dogs while it is 12
months or more in cats.
/ 2/90
,9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Parvovirus is caused by canine
parovovirus-2, and is a common
cause of enteritis in young or
unvaccinated dogs. Spread via
fecal-oral route.
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is
the only disinfectant that can kill
parvovirus-2
Clinical Signs
-- Diarrhea +/- blood
-- Vomiting
-- Intussusception
What is Parvovirus?
-- Leukopenia
-- Fever
What are the clinical
Diagnosis
signs? How is it
Fecal parvovirus ELISA test -
gold standard Antibody titers
diagnosed?
from serum or gastrointestinal
biopsies can be used
How is it treated?
Treatment
-- IV fluids
-- Systemic antibiotics (Amikacin
and clavulanic acid or
enrofloxacin and
ampicillin/cefazolin/metronidaz
ole)
-- Antiemetics (metoclopramide,
chlorpromazine, maropitant)
-- Gastric protectants (ranitidine,
omeprazole, sucralfate)
Prevention
VACCINATION
Disinfect with bleach (sodium hypochlorite)!
/ 3/90
, 9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Canine elbow dysplasia is an
umbrella term for several
congenital abnormalities that
are recognized in the elbow. A
dog with elbow dysplasia may
be affected with one or more of
What is Elbow Dysplasia? the following; ununited
What congenital anconeal process (UAP),
abnormalities are included osteochondrosis dissecans
in the pathophysiology of (OCD) of the humeral condyle,
elbow dysplasia? fragmentation of the medial
coronoid process (MCP), and
elbow incongruity. This disease
process is common in German
shepherds, basset hounds,
bloodhounds, Labradors, and
newfoundlands
This is a disease process that
occurs in younger dogs and will
cause degenerative
osteoarthritis without
treatment.
/ 4/90
NAVLE CANINE ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS \REAL EXAM NAVLE CANINE VERIFIED
100% ALREADY GRADED A+ \LATEST UPDATE
Right lateral
Which radiographic view is
This is because the gas that will
used to diagnosed gastric
fill the left displaced pylorus in
dilation and volvulus (GDV)?
this position and fluid will move
to the gastric fundus area,
making the pylorus more
visible and detectable.
When looking at a canine Counter-clockwise rotation
patient from cranial to
caudal, what direction does
the stomach rotate in a
patient with GDV?
Osteosarcoma is the most
common primary bone tumor in
dogs. It most commonly occurs
in large and giant breed dogs in
the metaphyseal regions of the
appendicular skeleton (distal
radius, proximal humerus, distal
femur, proximal tibia). It is locally
and metastatically aggressive.
Remember
- away from the elbows and towards the knees!
Clinical Signs
Chronic or acute lameness
/ 1/90
,9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Diagnosis
Radiographs of the limb
showing lytic and productive
What is lesions at the metaphysis of the
bone
Osteosarcoma? -- A diaphyseal lesion should
raise red flags and cause you to
What are the assume this is a metastatic lesion
-- Osteosarcoma does NOT cross joints!
Fine Needle Aspirate
clinical signs?
Thoracic Radiographs - to
determine the presence of
How is it
pulmonary metastasis
Blood work
diagnosed?
-- elevations in alkaline
phosphate (ALP) is associated
How is it treated?
with a worse prognosis
Treatment
Amputation
Chemotherapy - Cisplatin or
Carboplastin and Adriamycin
(doxorubicin), or
Bisphosphonates
A combination of amputation and
chemotherapy is the gold
standard
Prognosis with amputation and
chemotherapy is best at 10-12
months. Amputation alone is 4-6
months in dogs while it is 12
months or more in cats.
/ 2/90
,9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Parvovirus is caused by canine
parovovirus-2, and is a common
cause of enteritis in young or
unvaccinated dogs. Spread via
fecal-oral route.
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is
the only disinfectant that can kill
parvovirus-2
Clinical Signs
-- Diarrhea +/- blood
-- Vomiting
-- Intussusception
What is Parvovirus?
-- Leukopenia
-- Fever
What are the clinical
Diagnosis
signs? How is it
Fecal parvovirus ELISA test -
gold standard Antibody titers
diagnosed?
from serum or gastrointestinal
biopsies can be used
How is it treated?
Treatment
-- IV fluids
-- Systemic antibiotics (Amikacin
and clavulanic acid or
enrofloxacin and
ampicillin/cefazolin/metronidaz
ole)
-- Antiemetics (metoclopramide,
chlorpromazine, maropitant)
-- Gastric protectants (ranitidine,
omeprazole, sucralfate)
Prevention
VACCINATION
Disinfect with bleach (sodium hypochlorite)!
/ 3/90
, 9/20/25, 3:44 PM NAVLE - Canine
Canine elbow dysplasia is an
umbrella term for several
congenital abnormalities that
are recognized in the elbow. A
dog with elbow dysplasia may
be affected with one or more of
What is Elbow Dysplasia? the following; ununited
What congenital anconeal process (UAP),
abnormalities are included osteochondrosis dissecans
in the pathophysiology of (OCD) of the humeral condyle,
elbow dysplasia? fragmentation of the medial
coronoid process (MCP), and
elbow incongruity. This disease
process is common in German
shepherds, basset hounds,
bloodhounds, Labradors, and
newfoundlands
This is a disease process that
occurs in younger dogs and will
cause degenerative
osteoarthritis without
treatment.
/ 4/90
