NBCE Part 2 - ALL sections combined. Questions and Answers correct

NBCE Part 2 - ALL sections combined. Questions and Answers correct A case history includes Chief complaint Present illness Past History Family, occupational, social, review of systems Answers given from a chief complaint should be.. Own words, open ended. Temperature can be taken where? Anal, oral, otic, axilary, vaginal, testicular What is the difference in temperatures between bacterial infection verses viral infection? Bacterial is sustained. Viral has spikes, where they will have combination of fevers and chills. What is the average blood pressure? 140/110 over 90/60 S/D _____ is the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings. What is the average? Pulse pressure. 30-40 Orthostatic hypotension that can cause syncope is a result of para or sympathetic nervous system? Parasympathetic What time of day are bacterial fevers the worst? At night Medical term for jaundice in eyes Icterus Absent red light reflex, lens opacity worsens. Cataracts Retinal detachment risks increase after surgery for? Cataracts "Cats like to play w/ detached retinas" MC cause of vision loss for people over 40 Cataracts Optic disc swelling that causes increased intracranial pressure Papilledema Blurred vision, with halos around lights, leading to increased intraocular pressure Glaucoma Insignificant eye probem caused by buildup of fat around the deep edges of the cornea Arcus senilis Waxy exudates in the eye with microaneurysms. Diabetic retinopathy Flame hemorrhage, cotton wool spots in the eye, copper wire arterioles Hypertension "HTN- flame, copper wire and cotton wool eyes" Yellow deposits under the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (a normal anomaly) Drusen (normal) a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid, or optic disc. (a normal anomaly) Coloboma (normal) Crusty discharge of ear (2 names) Otitis externa, swimmers ear Bulging tympanium Otitis media Retracted tympanum can be caused by? Altitude Redness from acute infection of ear MyRingitis Ear infections can lead to this common complication Meningitis A rupture in the ear drum, causing a perforation, can have this appearance Black appearance What color is normal for eardrum? Pearly gray Which ear should you perform rhinne on? The ear that Weber lateralize to (The louder side) What tuning fork do you use for hearing tests? 512 tuning fork. Sensorineural hearing loss can be caused by (3) Presbycusis Neuroma Meniere's "Sensitive Neural Pretty Neu Men" Conduction hearing loss can be caused by (3) Infections, cerumen, otosclerosis A ___ nose is indicative of acute rhinitis Red ___ discharge from the nose can be caused by a foreign object Foul CSF discharge from the nose can be caused by ____ viral infection Non-mobile and non-tender lymph node Malignant Mobile and tender lymph node Benign Supraclavicular lymph node draining pattern. Right supraclavicular drains everything above the diaphragm on right. Left supraclavicular drains everything else. Pancreatitis can activate nociceptors in what level of spine? T10, or epigastric level. People with pancreatitis may be found in this position Fetal position Diabetes mellitus is caused by Pancreas failure to produce insulin Diabetes mellitis in a juvenile who is thin and insulin dependent, may be what type? Type I Diabetes mellitus in an obese person from receptor site malfunctions Type II Test that is positive for gall bladder dz Murphy's sign Risk factor for gallbladder Female, forty, flatulent, fat Multiparous, distension, right scapular pain, jaundice and steatorrhea Test to see if you are absorbing B12 properly Shillings Pain from appendicitis occurs where? Periumbilical region, Mcburneys Tests for appendicitis Blumbergs, rovsings. Rebound tenderness elicited doing blumberg can be either? Appendicitis or peritonitis "rebound ten blumberg Appe/Peri" Elderly person with outpouchings in their colon. High fiber diet helps. Diverticulosis Skip lesions, string sign, rectal bleeding, fistulas Crohn's Stress, bloody diarrhea, megacolon, Ulcerative colitis Characteritics of acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Difference? Both swollen and boggy liver. Difference is acute is tender. Resonant percussion in the lungs may indicate? This is normal, but there could be viral pneumonia or laryngitis Flat percussion in the lungs may indicate? Solids, there could be atelectasis, tumor, or pneumononiosis Tympany percussed in the lungs may indicate? GI or air, can be Meganblase (gastric air bubble) or flatulence. Fremitis in atelectasis, tumors, or pneumoconiusis causing a flat percussion, will have what kind of fremitus? Decreased Dull percussion in the lungs may indicate? Fluid. Can be bacterial pneumonia, Congestive heart failure, edema, massive pleural effusion. MC location of bacterial pneumonia in lungs? R middle lobe, then R lateral lobe Low pitch auscultation Bronchitis High pitch auscultation Wheeze, musical rales, crackles Fluid in the lungs: 1) Brochophony 2) Egophony 3) Whispered pectoriloquey 1) Spoken word louder 2) Sounds like eh 3) Louder Auscultation of a friction rub Pleurisy Auscultation of respiratory lag Pneumothorax Prolonged expiration seen in COPD No casts, no fever, nitrates seen, e. coli detected. First occurs in urethra and ascends up to bladder. Cystitis ___ hemorrhoids are often symptom free unless deficating External hemorrhois ___ hemorrhoids lead to bloody defication and are often painful Internal hemorrhoids Strain producing a donut shaped anus Rectal prolapse Linear tear in anus causing bloody defecation Rectal fissure Congenital defect, opening side of urethra is on ventral surface of penis Hypospadias Congenital defect, opening side of urethra is on dorsal side of penis Epispadias E is next to D in alphabet Non tender, transilluminates, accumulation of serous fluids in one or both testicles Hydrocele What is borborygmi? a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines. HCG levels high, painless nodule that does not transilluminate Tumor Bag of worms Varicocele Reddened testes that is tender, transilluminates, with posterior superior scrotal swelling Epididymitis Blunt trauma, painful, swollen, male adolescence Testicular torsion Non-descending testicle, increase risk of cancer Cryptorchism Sustained erection for more than 4 hours. Priapism Fever, warm tender prostate Acute prostatitis This type of prostatitis leads to painful ejaculation Chronic Lateral lobes of prostate, boggy, smooth, non tender BPH Posterior lobe, firm, nodular, nontender Prostate cancer Femoral hernias most likely seen in Females Direct hernias most likely seen in Older males Indirect hernias most likely seen in Young male Bells are to hear _____ pitch to detect ____. Low pitch sounds to detect stenosis. "BelLO-steno" Diaphragms are to hear ___ pitch to detect_______ High pitch sounds to detect regurgitation "Di-Hi-Regurg" To hear mitral better Left lateral decubitus