NBCE PT Boards Questions and Answers correct

NBCE PT Boards Questions and Answers correct Depth of UV superficial 1-2 mm (skin) Depth of Infrared superficial 8-10 mm (vascular) Depth of Microwave Diathermy deep Depth of Shortwave Diathermy deep Depth of Ultrasound deepest! 4-8 cm Best Modality for Herpes Zoster UV and ultrasound Best modality for Diabetes Mellitus Infrared If open growth centers, do NOT use what modalities? (3) Shortwave Diathermy Microwave Diathermy Ultrasound Goggles are required for what modalities? (3) UV Microwave Diathermy (wire-mesh) Laser Which electrical modalities are direct current? (3) Low-Volt Galvanic High Volt Microcurrent What current is unidirectional and monophasic? Direct Current What electrical modalities are alternating current? (3) Sine wave Faradic Interferential What current is bidirectional and biphasic? Alternating Current What electrical modality is both alternating and direct current? TENS To avoid transcerebral and transthoracic, how do you place the pads? Co-planar (TMJ) Which electrical modality do you use iontophoresis? LVG What solution do you use to break adhesions when doing iontophoresis? Potassium Iodine (KI) (- pole) What solution do you use for bursitis when doing iontophoresis? Sodium Salicylate (- pole) What solution do you use for edema when doing iontophoresis? MgSO4 (+ pole) What solution do you use for fungus when doing iontophoresis? CuSO4 (+ pole) What does electrodiagnosis with LVG look for? Reaction of Degeneration (RD) AKA LMNL What are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion? (4) Flaccid Decreased DTR Atrophy Facilitation Which electrical modalities have settings that can give both endorphins and enkephalins? (3) High Volt Interferential Tens Which heat modality is the best for increasing circulation? Infrared Which electrical modalities can be used for pain control? (3) High Volt Interferential TENS Which modality is both an antibacterial and antifungal? UV If your patient has Scheuermann's Disease, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? FLEXION or Williams If you patient has facet syndrome, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? EXTENSION or McKenzie What device should you use for active recovery for an ankle? Wobble Board What is inhibited in lower cross syndrome? Glutes T/F: You should strengthen the low back in acute low back patients. False If your patient is having toe out problems, what muscle is affected? Piriformis If you increase aerobic exercise, what happens to mitochondria activity? It increases as well What is the action of the subscapularis muscle? Assists in medial rotation of the shoulder What type of stretching do you hold and then stretch? PNF or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation What is the treatment technique for an upper motor neuron lesion called? Bobath's To be considered aerobic exercise, how long must an individual maintain their target heart rate? 15-20 minutes Aerobic exercise refers to cyclic movements caused by the contraction of what? Large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways What are the heart rate percentage ranges and give an example patient for each. .6 = sedentary / post MI .75 = average Joe / weekend warrior .9 = triathlete What is the target heart rate equation? ((220-age)-Resting HR)*%+Resting HR Williams believed that the cause of low back pain was acquired how? By walking upright in a straight position -he stated that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly bent forward Williams believed that all activities should be geared to reducing what? Lumbar lordosis Williams exercises are what kind of exercises? FLEXION What muscles are weak and what muscles are tight according to the Williams approach? WEAK Abs WEAK Glute max TIGHT hamstrings What kind of exercise is BEST for patients with acute disc problems? McKenzie Exercises (Extension) --if McKenzie isn't listed...pick Williams! McKenzie exercises are what kind of exercises? EXTENSION McKenzie approach is based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to what? Dynamic and Static Loading What is the formula for power? Power = Force X Speed What concept are plyometrics based on? Power -they are exercises that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest amount of time What are some typical plyometric movements? Jumps Hops Bounds Box Drills (softball catcher) Depth Jumps (volleyball and basketball) How long are plyometrics performed? until fatigue What are the 3 phases of the stretch shortening cycle? Eccentric Amortization Concentric Acute care management takes place when? first 4 weeks What are the symptoms of an acute issue? (4) Rubor (Redness) Calor (Heat) Dolor (Pain) Tumor (Swelling) What modalities are used in acute care management? Cryotherapy Low Volt Galvanic (+ pole) Pulsed US (takes away thermal component) How is a muscle stretched? By going opposite of it's action When does recover care management begin? After four weeks When should you start active care stretching? During recovery care What modalities are used in recovery care management? mild heat--Infrared, hydroculator pack, hot bath When does the chronic/rehab phase begin? After 12 weeks What do you want to do during the chronic/rehab phase? Strengthen muscles (resistance against action) Exercises where the hand or foot is free to move Open Chain Exercises Exercises where the hand or foot is fixed and cannot move Closed Chain Exercises What are some examples of open chain exercises? (4) Bench press biceps curl leg extensions straight leg raises What are some examples of closed chain exercises? (5) Push-ups HSPU Pull-ups Squats Lunges What kind of exercise should you do on someone with a knee injury? Leg Extensions TOE OUT Why? because weak VMO, lateral tracking patella and chondromalacia patella What kind of exercises should you use with Lower Crossed Syndrome? WILLIAMS What muscles are tight and weak with Lower Crossed Syndrome? TIGHT Iliopsoas TIGHT Erector Spinae WEAK Abdominals WEAK Gluteus Maximus What do you do to facilitated muscles? What do you do to inhibited muscles? Facilitated=Tight...STRETCH these mm Inhibited=Restricted...STRENGTHEN these mm What muscles are tight and weak with Upper Crossed Syndrome? TIGHT Upper Trap & Levator Scap TIGHT Pectoralis WEAK Deep Neck Flexor (Longus Colli) WEAK Lower Trap & Serratus Anterior How do you strengthen the longus colli? Tri-flex Only portion of lower crossed syndrome you wouldn't use Williams exercises on? Hip Extension...Williams are flexion so use McKenzie What muscles are tight/facilitated with lower crossed syndrome? STRETCH THESE Iliopsoas : perform hip extension (McKenzie) Rectus Femoris : perform hip extension (McKenzie) TFL : perform ADDuction Adductor Group: perform ABduction Erector spinae: perform flexion Gastroc: can't isolate because crosses 2 joints Soleus: can be isolated by flexing the knee What are the four main postural issues associated with lower crossed syndrome? Anterior rotation of the pelvis (stretch iliopsoas) Increased lumbar lordosis (Williams flexion) Hips in flexion (stretch iliopsoas- McKenzie) Knees may be hyperextended (genu recuvatum) Action of the Iliopsoas Flexes hip joint Action of the Rectus Femoris Flexes the hip joint Quadriceps extends the knee joint Action of the TFL Abducts, flexes and medially rotates hip joint Action of erector spinae Extension of vertebral column Action of gastrocnemius Plantar flexes ankle and assists in knee flexion Action of soleus Plantar flexes ankle Weak/Inhibited muscles in lower crossed syndrome STRENGTHEN THESE (resistance against action) Rectus Abdominis : crunches (williams) Oblique : crunches (williams) Gluteus Maximus : pelvic rock (williams) Gluteus Medius : side lying ABduction Hamstrings : stretch AND strengthen Common injuries due to weak muscles associated with lower crossed syndrome Low back pain Knee pain Hamstring strains Action of rectus abdominis Flexes vertebral column Action of obliques Bilaterally: flex vertebral column Unilaterally: rotate vertebral column Action of gluteus maximus Extends and laterally rotates hip Action of gluteus medius ABducts hip joint Action of semitendinosus/semimembranosus Flexes and medially rotates knee, extends and medially rotates hip Action of biceps femoris Flex and laterally rotates knee; extends and laterally rotates hip Action of tibialis anterior DORSIflex and INvert Action of tibialis posterior PLANTARflex and INvert Inversion ankle sprain d/t tight tibialis--stretch these with EVERSION STRENGTHEN peroneus--this muscle everts the foot Tight/Facilitated Muscles associated with Upper Crossed Syndrome STRETCH THESE Pectorals Major Pec Minor, Levator Scap, Teres Major*, Upper Trap Anterior Deltoid Subscap, Lats, Teres Major SCM, Scalenes, Rectus capitis Action of pec major ADDucts and medially rotates humerus Action of pec minor Tilts the scapula anteriorly Action of Levator scapula Elevates scapula Action of teres major INTERNAL rotation, ADDuction and extension of shoulder Action of upper trapezius Adduction of scapula Action of anterior deltoid ABduction of shoulder