NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
1. Explain the
breaking down how the brain works
re-
ductionist
ap- proach
Molecular: allows neurons to communicate, sentries that control what materia
2. Compare
enters/leaves neurons, conductors that orchestrate neuron growth, archivis
differ- ent
of
levels of
analysis in neuro- past experiences
science Cellular: focuses on how all these molecules work together to give
research neurons their special properties
Systems: neurons form complex circuits that perform a common
function Behavioral: how do systems work together to produce
integrated behaviors Cognitive: how do these neural mechanisms result in
self-awareness, imagination, language, thinking
3. Describe the four 1. Observations: watching the world around, from introspection, or
clinical cases
essential the field of neu- roscience
steps in the
scientific
process with
ex- amples
4. Explain the
im- portance
of ani- mal
research in
,NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
2. Replication: 3. Interpretation: analyzing the data; depends on the state of
repeating the experiment knowledge at the time and the scientist's preconceived notions
on ditterent subjections 4. Verification: the observation is suflciently robust that any competent
or making sim- ilar scientist who precisely follows the protocols of the original observer
observations in ditterent can reproduce it; accepted as fast
patients as many times
as necessary to rule out Animals allow us to find treatments: for depression and schizophrenia;
the possibility of alzheimer's disease; to understand the nervous system; for
chance pharmacological reasons
5. Golgi's theory claimed neurons were fused together to form a
continuous reticu- lum, or network
,NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
Explain what Gol- Cajal argued that neurites of ditterent neurons are not continuous, but
rather
gi and Cajal component of the neuron
dis- agreed
about
6. Explain the
Neu- ron
Doctrine
7. Explain how
his- tological
pro- cedures
con- tributed
to the
advancement
of
neuroscience
8. Diagram a
neu- ron and
label its
components
9. Describe the
function of
each
, NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
communicate by contact the realization of specialized regions Golgi
Stain
-soaking brain tissue in a silver chromate solution; causes a small
neurons communicate via percentage of neurons to become darkly colored
contact
-revealed neurons have two distinguishable parts: a central region w/ the
cell nucleus and numerous thin tubes radiating away
Nissl Stain
-Frank Nissl showed that a
class of basic dyes would
stain the nuclei of all cells
as well as clumps of
materials surrounding The Soma
the nuclei of neurons -the cell body; contaisn cytosol and organelles
(Nissl bodies) -nucleus: contains chromosomes
-This distinguishes -rough ER: protein synthesis w/ ribosomes
neurons and glial cells. It -smooth ER: heterogenous and performs many ditterent functions
allows histologists to -golgi apparatus: post-translational chemical processing of
study cytoar- chitecture, proteins Cytoskeleton
or the arrangement, of -microtubules: straight, thick walled hollow pipe that consists of small
neurons in ditterent tubes called tubulin
parts of the brain
•
t
h
i
s
l
e
d
t
o
Answers
1. Explain the
breaking down how the brain works
re-
ductionist
ap- proach
Molecular: allows neurons to communicate, sentries that control what materia
2. Compare
enters/leaves neurons, conductors that orchestrate neuron growth, archivis
differ- ent
of
levels of
analysis in neuro- past experiences
science Cellular: focuses on how all these molecules work together to give
research neurons their special properties
Systems: neurons form complex circuits that perform a common
function Behavioral: how do systems work together to produce
integrated behaviors Cognitive: how do these neural mechanisms result in
self-awareness, imagination, language, thinking
3. Describe the four 1. Observations: watching the world around, from introspection, or
clinical cases
essential the field of neu- roscience
steps in the
scientific
process with
ex- amples
4. Explain the
im- portance
of ani- mal
research in
,NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
2. Replication: 3. Interpretation: analyzing the data; depends on the state of
repeating the experiment knowledge at the time and the scientist's preconceived notions
on ditterent subjections 4. Verification: the observation is suflciently robust that any competent
or making sim- ilar scientist who precisely follows the protocols of the original observer
observations in ditterent can reproduce it; accepted as fast
patients as many times
as necessary to rule out Animals allow us to find treatments: for depression and schizophrenia;
the possibility of alzheimer's disease; to understand the nervous system; for
chance pharmacological reasons
5. Golgi's theory claimed neurons were fused together to form a
continuous reticu- lum, or network
,NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
Explain what Gol- Cajal argued that neurites of ditterent neurons are not continuous, but
rather
gi and Cajal component of the neuron
dis- agreed
about
6. Explain the
Neu- ron
Doctrine
7. Explain how
his- tological
pro- cedures
con- tributed
to the
advancement
of
neuroscience
8. Diagram a
neu- ron and
label its
components
9. Describe the
function of
each
, NSCI 175 Final Exam Learning Objectives Questions &
Answers
communicate by contact the realization of specialized regions Golgi
Stain
-soaking brain tissue in a silver chromate solution; causes a small
neurons communicate via percentage of neurons to become darkly colored
contact
-revealed neurons have two distinguishable parts: a central region w/ the
cell nucleus and numerous thin tubes radiating away
Nissl Stain
-Frank Nissl showed that a
class of basic dyes would
stain the nuclei of all cells
as well as clumps of
materials surrounding The Soma
the nuclei of neurons -the cell body; contaisn cytosol and organelles
(Nissl bodies) -nucleus: contains chromosomes
-This distinguishes -rough ER: protein synthesis w/ ribosomes
neurons and glial cells. It -smooth ER: heterogenous and performs many ditterent functions
allows histologists to -golgi apparatus: post-translational chemical processing of
study cytoar- chitecture, proteins Cytoskeleton
or the arrangement, of -microtubules: straight, thick walled hollow pipe that consists of small
neurons in ditterent tubes called tubulin
parts of the brain
•
t
h
i
s
l
e
d
t
o
