WSU Nur 2030 Pathophysiology Exam III Questions With Complete Solutions

WSU Nur 2030 Pathophysiology Exam III Questions With
Complete Solutions

--ablation through radioactive iodine or medication
--surgery to remove thyroid Correct Answers What is the
treatment for hyperthyroidism?

--acts on bone (stimulates osteoclastic activity)
--increases reabsorption of Ca in the intestines and renal tubule
Correct Answers What does the parathyroid act on?

--adenoma (may have genetic link as well)
--NOT under control of pituitary/hypothalamus
--hypercalcemia Correct Answers What are the causes of
hyperparathyroidism?

--aldosterone (regulated by angiotensin II)
--androgenic hormones Correct Answers Although they are
released from the adrenal cortex, these are NOT regulated by the
pituitary/hypothalamus.

--an intense, overwhelming life threatening event that causes
fever, tachycardia, agitation, N/V, psychosis and eventually
death.

--occurs in hyperthyroidism Correct Answers What is a
'thyroid storm?'

--anorexia/ weight loss
--weakness, malaise, apathy

,--hyper-pigmentation with tan appearance (due to ACTH effect
on melanocytes)
--electrolyte disturbances and salt cravings (loss of Na and water
with retention of K)
--hypotension and tachycardia (due to losing Na and water)
Correct Answers What is the clinical presentation of patients
with adrenal insufficiency?

--autoimmune (Grave's disease)
--MG
--cancer
--excessive iodine ingestion
--thyroid adenoma
--excessive pituitary TSH secretion
--excessive thyroid hormone replacement
--excessive iodine ingestion (Jod-Basedow syndrome)
--women > men
--peaks 20-50 years old Correct Answers What are causes of
hyperthyroidism?

--Basal: steady rate of secretion

--Prandial: when you eat and need to secrete insulin Correct
Answers What is the difference between basal and prandial?

--bulging of eyes ( NOT reversible)
--occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism Correct Answers
What is exophthalmos?

--calcium

,--vitamin D to help absorb it Correct Answers What is the
treatment for hypoparathyroidism?

--cells are unable to access glucose for energy
--glucose increase in the blood
--osmotic diuresis with loss of Na, Cl, K and water
--leads to polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia Correct Answers
What occurs in the body when there isn't any insulin/ in
starvation mode?

--Central: ability to produce and release ADH form pituitary are
lost
-----caused from: trauma, tumor, surgery, and infection

--Nephrogenic: kidney is no longer able to respond to ADH
-----caused from: nephrotoxic drugs, ischemia, chronic renal
disease Correct Answers What is the difference between
central and nephrogenic problems with ADH?

--corticosteroids/glucocorticoids
--androgens (testosterone)
--mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Correct Answers What does
the cortex of the adrenal gland secrete?

--Cortisol
--Aldosterone Correct Answers Adrenal insufficiency occurs
due to the lack of these circulating in the body.

--cortisol
--GH
--epinephrine

, --estrogen
--progesterone
--somatostatin
--glucagon Correct Answers What hormones counteract the
storage action of insulin?

--cortisol levels (serum, urinary, salivary)
--dexamethasone suppression test
--CT/MRI (to check for tumor) Correct Answers How is
hypercortiolism/ Cushing's disease diagnosed?

--Cushing's disease: tumor of the pituitary gland that produces
large amounts of ACTH resulting in excessive cortisol
production

--Cushing's syndrome: anything else that can cause an excessive
amount of cortisol to be released (i.e. exogenous steroids--either
inhaled, oral or parental longterm use) Correct Answers What
is the difference between Cushing's disease and Cushing's
syndrome?

--Cushing's syndrome (adrenal over activity)
--Addison's syndrome (adrenal insufficiency) Correct Answers
What are the two main disorders of ACTH?

--decreased Ca level
--increased P level
--serum PTH
--antibodies Correct Answers How is hypoparathyroidism
diagnosed?