IB Psychology HL
Cognitive Analysis of Behaviour
Index
● Models of memory
○ Working Memory Model
■ KF - Warrington And Shallice (1970)
○ Multistore Model of Memory
■ Sperling et al (1960)
● Schema theory
○ Bartlett War of the Ghosts
○ Brewer and Treyens (1981)
● Thinking and decision-making
○ Dual processing model
■ Gore et al (2000)
○ Theory of reasoned action and behaviour
■ Albarracin et al (2001)
● Reliability of cognitive processes
○ Reconstructive memory
■ Loftus and Palmer
■ Neisser and Harsch (1992)
● Biases in thinking and decision-making
○ Anchoring Bias
■ Tversky and Kahneman
○ The theory of cognitive dissonance
■ Belief disconfirmation paradigm (Festinger, 1956)
● Emotion and cognition
○ Flashbulb memory
■ Sharot et al
■ Neisser and Harsch (1992)
● Cognitive processing in the digital world
○ Rosser et al (2007), study of laparoscopic surgeons who played video games
○ Henkel et al (2006)
○ Sparrow et al (2012)
, IB Psychology HL
Memory
Memory is a process of encoding, retrieval and storage of information. There are three models of memory;
hypothetical constructs that try to explain memory and are supported by research.
Multistore Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968)
Consists of
● Sensory memory:
○ A storage system that holds information in a relatively unprocessed form for fractions of a
second after the physical stimulus is no longer available
○ Stores sensory characteristics of a stimulus
○ Plays a vital role in filtering out useless information, enabling us to focus our attention on
important details.
● Short term memory:
○ A limited capacity memory system that holds information for brief periods of time
○ Temporary storage depot for incoming information after it receives and encodes information
from the sensory store.
● Long term memory:
○ A storage system that holds a vast quantity of information, which can be stored for long
periods of time.
○ Information kept here is diverse and wide-ranging, including all our personal memories,
general knowledge and beliefs about the world, plans for the future, and where our knowledge
about skills and expertise is deposited.
Key study sheets for MSM ( Multistore Model of Memory)
Sperling et al. (1960)
Aim: to test the presence of iconic memory
Procedure:
● In the experiment participants were presented with a tachistoscopic image of a grid of alphanumeric
characters that was visible for a few seconds.
● Two conditions: partial report and whole report
Cognitive Analysis of Behaviour
Index
● Models of memory
○ Working Memory Model
■ KF - Warrington And Shallice (1970)
○ Multistore Model of Memory
■ Sperling et al (1960)
● Schema theory
○ Bartlett War of the Ghosts
○ Brewer and Treyens (1981)
● Thinking and decision-making
○ Dual processing model
■ Gore et al (2000)
○ Theory of reasoned action and behaviour
■ Albarracin et al (2001)
● Reliability of cognitive processes
○ Reconstructive memory
■ Loftus and Palmer
■ Neisser and Harsch (1992)
● Biases in thinking and decision-making
○ Anchoring Bias
■ Tversky and Kahneman
○ The theory of cognitive dissonance
■ Belief disconfirmation paradigm (Festinger, 1956)
● Emotion and cognition
○ Flashbulb memory
■ Sharot et al
■ Neisser and Harsch (1992)
● Cognitive processing in the digital world
○ Rosser et al (2007), study of laparoscopic surgeons who played video games
○ Henkel et al (2006)
○ Sparrow et al (2012)
, IB Psychology HL
Memory
Memory is a process of encoding, retrieval and storage of information. There are three models of memory;
hypothetical constructs that try to explain memory and are supported by research.
Multistore Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968)
Consists of
● Sensory memory:
○ A storage system that holds information in a relatively unprocessed form for fractions of a
second after the physical stimulus is no longer available
○ Stores sensory characteristics of a stimulus
○ Plays a vital role in filtering out useless information, enabling us to focus our attention on
important details.
● Short term memory:
○ A limited capacity memory system that holds information for brief periods of time
○ Temporary storage depot for incoming information after it receives and encodes information
from the sensory store.
● Long term memory:
○ A storage system that holds a vast quantity of information, which can be stored for long
periods of time.
○ Information kept here is diverse and wide-ranging, including all our personal memories,
general knowledge and beliefs about the world, plans for the future, and where our knowledge
about skills and expertise is deposited.
Key study sheets for MSM ( Multistore Model of Memory)
Sperling et al. (1960)
Aim: to test the presence of iconic memory
Procedure:
● In the experiment participants were presented with a tachistoscopic image of a grid of alphanumeric
characters that was visible for a few seconds.
● Two conditions: partial report and whole report
