BSN 346 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is anaplasia?
Loss of cell differentiation and tissue organization
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
What is the definition of pathophysiology?
(ology) the study of
(pathophysi) abnormalities in physiologic functioning due to disease or injury
What is etiology?
The study of the causal factors that provoke a particular disease or injury
Define pathogenesis?
A description of how etiologic factors are thought to alter physiologic function and lead to the
development of clinical manifestations that are observed in a particular disorder or disease
What are the objective and subjective clinical manifestations of a disease?
Objective manifestations: signs found through physical exam or diagnostic tests
Subjective manifestations: symptoms described by the patient
What are the 4 stages of an illness and what do they signify?
1) Latent- the period of incubation before a disease manifests
2) Prodromal- the first signs of disease appear, often non-specific such as body aches/fever
3) Acute- period with greatest severity of s/s
4) Convalescence- recovery
What is a sequela?
,a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease or injury
What is validity?
the degree to which a test measures what it says it measures. the peabody test said it measured
intelligence. however, it only tests receptive vocabulary, so that's not valid.
What is accuracy?
a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or true value of whatever is measured
What is precision?
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
What is a positive predictive value?
probability that a pt w/ a positive test truly has the disease. The more specific a test, the higher its
PPV
prevalence dependent: the higher the disease prevalence, the higher the PPV of the test for that
disease
What is negative predictive value?
probability that a pt w/ a neg test truly does not have the disease. The more sensitive a test, the
higher its NPV.
Prevalence dependent: the lower the disease prevalence, the higher the NPV of the test for that
disease
What is sensitivity in a test?
-its ability to detect people who do have the disease
= the percentage of the people with a disease that is correctly detected or classified
What is specificity of a test?
- its ability to detect people who do not have the disease
= the percentage of the disease-free people who are correctly classified or detected
,What are 4 examples of characteristics that effect the normalcy in tests?
Cultural (defines abnormal behavior)
Age Differences (decrease skin turgor)
Gender Differences (men ^RBCs)
Situational Differences (high altitude ^RBCs)
Time variations (time of day)
What is epidemiology?
study of the patterns of diseases
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases and other factors relating to health.
What is an endemic, epidemic, and pandemic disease?
Endemic: disease native to local region
Epidemic: disease disseminated to many individuals at the same time
Pandemic: epidemic that affects large geographic region
There are 5 principal factors affecting patterns of disease in human populations. What are
these 5 factors?
1) age
2) ethnic group
3) gender
4) socioeconomic factors & lifestyle considerations
5) geographic location
What are the 3 levels of prevention?
1. Primary Prevention
2. Secondary Prevention
3. Tertiary Prevention
What is primary prevention?
, designed to prevent , reverse, or arrest a disease process
What is secondary prevention?
focuses on identifying the disease early, when it is ASx or mild and implementing measures that
can halt of slow disease progression
What is tertiary prevention?
Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness,
injury, or disability
chapter 2
chapter 2
What is stress?
a real or perceived threat to homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
What is allostasis?
the ability to successfully adapt to challenges
allo = variable
stasis = stable
What is a homeostatis response?
A system whose purpose is specifically meant to normalize a selected physiologic variable
What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm (fight or flight),
resistance (return to homeostasis), exhaustion (body is no longer able to return to homeostasis)
What are examples of catecholamines?
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is anaplasia?
Loss of cell differentiation and tissue organization
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
What is the definition of pathophysiology?
(ology) the study of
(pathophysi) abnormalities in physiologic functioning due to disease or injury
What is etiology?
The study of the causal factors that provoke a particular disease or injury
Define pathogenesis?
A description of how etiologic factors are thought to alter physiologic function and lead to the
development of clinical manifestations that are observed in a particular disorder or disease
What are the objective and subjective clinical manifestations of a disease?
Objective manifestations: signs found through physical exam or diagnostic tests
Subjective manifestations: symptoms described by the patient
What are the 4 stages of an illness and what do they signify?
1) Latent- the period of incubation before a disease manifests
2) Prodromal- the first signs of disease appear, often non-specific such as body aches/fever
3) Acute- period with greatest severity of s/s
4) Convalescence- recovery
What is a sequela?
,a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease or injury
What is validity?
the degree to which a test measures what it says it measures. the peabody test said it measured
intelligence. however, it only tests receptive vocabulary, so that's not valid.
What is accuracy?
a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or true value of whatever is measured
What is precision?
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
What is a positive predictive value?
probability that a pt w/ a positive test truly has the disease. The more specific a test, the higher its
PPV
prevalence dependent: the higher the disease prevalence, the higher the PPV of the test for that
disease
What is negative predictive value?
probability that a pt w/ a neg test truly does not have the disease. The more sensitive a test, the
higher its NPV.
Prevalence dependent: the lower the disease prevalence, the higher the NPV of the test for that
disease
What is sensitivity in a test?
-its ability to detect people who do have the disease
= the percentage of the people with a disease that is correctly detected or classified
What is specificity of a test?
- its ability to detect people who do not have the disease
= the percentage of the disease-free people who are correctly classified or detected
,What are 4 examples of characteristics that effect the normalcy in tests?
Cultural (defines abnormal behavior)
Age Differences (decrease skin turgor)
Gender Differences (men ^RBCs)
Situational Differences (high altitude ^RBCs)
Time variations (time of day)
What is epidemiology?
study of the patterns of diseases
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases and other factors relating to health.
What is an endemic, epidemic, and pandemic disease?
Endemic: disease native to local region
Epidemic: disease disseminated to many individuals at the same time
Pandemic: epidemic that affects large geographic region
There are 5 principal factors affecting patterns of disease in human populations. What are
these 5 factors?
1) age
2) ethnic group
3) gender
4) socioeconomic factors & lifestyle considerations
5) geographic location
What are the 3 levels of prevention?
1. Primary Prevention
2. Secondary Prevention
3. Tertiary Prevention
What is primary prevention?
, designed to prevent , reverse, or arrest a disease process
What is secondary prevention?
focuses on identifying the disease early, when it is ASx or mild and implementing measures that
can halt of slow disease progression
What is tertiary prevention?
Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness,
injury, or disability
chapter 2
chapter 2
What is stress?
a real or perceived threat to homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
What is allostasis?
the ability to successfully adapt to challenges
allo = variable
stasis = stable
What is a homeostatis response?
A system whose purpose is specifically meant to normalize a selected physiologic variable
What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm (fight or flight),
resistance (return to homeostasis), exhaustion (body is no longer able to return to homeostasis)
What are examples of catecholamines?
