Guide with complete solutions| i,- i,- i,- i,-
Latest 2025/2026 Update| i,- i,- i,-
University of Texas, Arlington i,- i,- i,-
Marfan's Syndrome i,- Connective tissue disorder affecting i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
skeletal, cardiac, ophthalmic systems, and pulmonary;
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characterized by tall stature and joint hypermobility.
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Fragile X Syndrome
i,- Characterized by 'FMR1 expansion' on X
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chromosome; leads to intellectual disability and delayed speech.
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Cryptorchidism Undescended testicle, of one or both testicles
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into scrotum; risk is increased with <28 weeks gestation.
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Epididymitis Acute inflammatory infection typically
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presenting with unilateral scrotal pain and edema.
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Hydrocele Collection of peritoneal fluid within scrotum,
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resulting in generalized swelling.
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,Management of Klinefelter's Syndrome Pharmacological
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management includes testosterone replacement therapy.
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Management of Turner's Syndrome Prenatal ultrasound to
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assess for presence of cardiac or renal abnormalities.
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Management of Marfan's Syndrome Treatment includes beta
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blockers for impulse control and losartan to regulate FBN1-beta
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function.
Signs of Down Syndrome
i,- i,- Phenotypical characteristics include
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moderate to severe mental retardation, distinct physical features.
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Assessment for Klinefelter's Syndrome Tall stature, rounded
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bodies, hypogonadism, and personality impairment.
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Assessment for Turner's Syndrome i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Congenital lymphedema, i,- i,-
webbed neck, and short stature.
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Assessment for Marfan's Syndrome Tall stature with arm span
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exceeding height, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis.
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,Prenatal screenings for genetic disorders
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Tests conducted to
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detect genetic disorders before birth.
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Management of Epididymitis Treatment may include
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antibiotics based on causative agents.
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Risk factors for Cryptorchidism
i,- Includes Down syndrome,
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Klinefelter syndrome, prematurity, and decreased birth weight.
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Late descent of testes
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Delayed movement of testes into i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
scrotum.
Inflammatory injury within scrotum i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Injury causing i,- i,-
inflammation in scrotal tissue. i,- i,- i,-
Testicular CA i,- i,-i,- i,- Cancer of the testicles, requires monitoring.
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Communicating hydrocele i,- i,-i,- i,- Fluid-filled sac; monitored until 1- i,- i,- i,- i,-
2 years.
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Non-communicating hydrocele i,- i,-i,- i,- Fluid accumulation; requires
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surgical drainage. i,-
, Painless swelling in scrotum
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Common symptom of various i,- i,- i,- i,-
scrotal conditions.
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Scrotal transillumination
i,- i,-i,- i,- Test to differentiate fluid from mass.
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Spermatocele i,-i,- i,- Benign cystic mass near epididymis.
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Spermatocele size i,- i,-i,- i,- Typically >2cm, may contain nonviable i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
sperm.
Varicocele i,-i,- i,- Dilated veins in scrotum, can affect fertility.
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Infertility concern i,- i,-i,- i,- Varicocele may lead to male infertility. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Testicular torsion i,- i,-i,- i,- Twisting of testes causing acute pain. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Phren's sign i,- i,-i,- i,- Pain relief upon scrotal elevation.
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Cremasteric reflex i,- i,-i,- i,- Scrotum lifts when thigh is stimulated. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Hypospadias i,-i,- i,- Urethral opening on ventral surface of penis.
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