Exam 1 PHI - 103 Into to Philosophy and Ethics Spring
✓ The primary purpose(s) of an argument is .
Points:
1/1 to persuade others to share our views
to discover the truth about something
to intimidate one’s opponent
both to persuade others to share our views, and to discover the truth about something ✓
✓ A sound argument is one that is valid and .
Points:
has a true conclusion
1/1
has at least one true premise
has all true premises ✓
is accepted by most people
✓ Determine which of the famous five valid forms is used in this argument.
Points:
1/1
“Either the ‘eye for an eye’ principle is interpreted literally, or it is interpreted figuratively. If
it is interpreted literally, then the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and rape
rapists. If the ‘eye for an eye’ principle is interpreted figuratively, then it does not necessarily
demand death for murderers. So, either the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and
rape rapists, or the ‘eye for an eye’ principle does not necessarily demand death for
murderers.
Modus Ponens
Modus Tollens
Hypothetical Syllogism
Disjunctive Syllogism
Constructive Dilemma ✓
✓ The cognitive distortion known as emotional reasoning is when one allows feelings to guide one’s
Points: interpretation of reality.
1/1
True ✓
False
✘ One thing virtually all epistemologists agree upon regarding knowledge is that .
Points:
0/1 Knowledge is neither better nor more valuable than mere true belief
Knowledge is not an epistemic good
Knowledge and luck are incompatible—that is, one should not be attributed with knowledge if the true belief was the result
of dumb luck or accident
✓
Knowledge is no better than mere opinion ✘
✓ The following pattern of reasoning commits which cognitive distortion.
Points:
1/1
“Look at how Smith just looked at me while walking to class. I know he thinks I’m a loser and
that he is constantly making things up about me and telling other people.”
Catastrophizing
Blaming
Mind reading ✓
Dichotomous thinking/All-or-nothing thinking
, ✓ The problem with the following argument is that it’s .
Points:
1/1
“Religion is the opiate of the people. Therefore, religion is like a drug that can be used to make
people forget or ignore the miserable conditions they live in.”
a circular argument ✓
a sound argument
a cogent argument
a red herring fallacy
✓ The coherence view of truth says p is true if and only if .
Points: P coheres well with the entire set of one's beliefs ✓
1/1
P corresponds to reality
P is said to be true by a linguistic community commited to a particular narrative
P is something one's peers allow one to say is true
✓ Sound arguments can have false conclusions.
Points: True
1/1
False ✓
✘ Identify which of the famous five valid forms this argument's form takes.
Points:
0/1
“If God cannot prevent suffering, then God is not omnipotent. If God does not want to prevent
suffering, then God is not perfectly good. But either God cannot prevent suffering or God does not
want to prevent suffering. So, either God is not omnipotent or God is not perfectly good.”
Modus Ponens ✘
Modus Tollens
Hypothetical Syllogism
Constructive Dilemma ✓
Disjunctive Syllogism
✓ A worldview is a set of assumptions, commitments, sets of norms, standards and principles that
Points: filter the evidence and information we process when forming beliefs about the nature of reality.
1/1
True ✓
False
✓ The JTB or "Tripartite" account of knowledge has three conditions that need to be satisfied in order to know. Ther are the
Points: Truth condition, feelings condition, knowledge condition
following:
1/1
Truth condition, belief condition, justification condition ✓
Knowledge condition, justification condition, evidence condition
Desire condition, feelings condition, truth condition
✓ Seeing well is necessary to be a good driver but it is not .
Points:
1/1 necessary
required
sufficient ✓
cogent
✓ The primary purpose(s) of an argument is .
Points:
1/1 to persuade others to share our views
to discover the truth about something
to intimidate one’s opponent
both to persuade others to share our views, and to discover the truth about something ✓
✓ A sound argument is one that is valid and .
Points:
has a true conclusion
1/1
has at least one true premise
has all true premises ✓
is accepted by most people
✓ Determine which of the famous five valid forms is used in this argument.
Points:
1/1
“Either the ‘eye for an eye’ principle is interpreted literally, or it is interpreted figuratively. If
it is interpreted literally, then the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and rape
rapists. If the ‘eye for an eye’ principle is interpreted figuratively, then it does not necessarily
demand death for murderers. So, either the state should torture torturers, maim maimers, and
rape rapists, or the ‘eye for an eye’ principle does not necessarily demand death for
murderers.
Modus Ponens
Modus Tollens
Hypothetical Syllogism
Disjunctive Syllogism
Constructive Dilemma ✓
✓ The cognitive distortion known as emotional reasoning is when one allows feelings to guide one’s
Points: interpretation of reality.
1/1
True ✓
False
✘ One thing virtually all epistemologists agree upon regarding knowledge is that .
Points:
0/1 Knowledge is neither better nor more valuable than mere true belief
Knowledge is not an epistemic good
Knowledge and luck are incompatible—that is, one should not be attributed with knowledge if the true belief was the result
of dumb luck or accident
✓
Knowledge is no better than mere opinion ✘
✓ The following pattern of reasoning commits which cognitive distortion.
Points:
1/1
“Look at how Smith just looked at me while walking to class. I know he thinks I’m a loser and
that he is constantly making things up about me and telling other people.”
Catastrophizing
Blaming
Mind reading ✓
Dichotomous thinking/All-or-nothing thinking
, ✓ The problem with the following argument is that it’s .
Points:
1/1
“Religion is the opiate of the people. Therefore, religion is like a drug that can be used to make
people forget or ignore the miserable conditions they live in.”
a circular argument ✓
a sound argument
a cogent argument
a red herring fallacy
✓ The coherence view of truth says p is true if and only if .
Points: P coheres well with the entire set of one's beliefs ✓
1/1
P corresponds to reality
P is said to be true by a linguistic community commited to a particular narrative
P is something one's peers allow one to say is true
✓ Sound arguments can have false conclusions.
Points: True
1/1
False ✓
✘ Identify which of the famous five valid forms this argument's form takes.
Points:
0/1
“If God cannot prevent suffering, then God is not omnipotent. If God does not want to prevent
suffering, then God is not perfectly good. But either God cannot prevent suffering or God does not
want to prevent suffering. So, either God is not omnipotent or God is not perfectly good.”
Modus Ponens ✘
Modus Tollens
Hypothetical Syllogism
Constructive Dilemma ✓
Disjunctive Syllogism
✓ A worldview is a set of assumptions, commitments, sets of norms, standards and principles that
Points: filter the evidence and information we process when forming beliefs about the nature of reality.
1/1
True ✓
False
✓ The JTB or "Tripartite" account of knowledge has three conditions that need to be satisfied in order to know. Ther are the
Points: Truth condition, feelings condition, knowledge condition
following:
1/1
Truth condition, belief condition, justification condition ✓
Knowledge condition, justification condition, evidence condition
Desire condition, feelings condition, truth condition
✓ Seeing well is necessary to be a good driver but it is not .
Points:
1/1 necessary
required
sufficient ✓
cogent
