NSG5003 SU ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LATEST FINAL EXAM ANSWER KEY (WEEK 11)
SPRING TERM FULL LENGTH EXAM WITH DETAILED
ANSWERS
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
what is tissue damage a result of?
a. Complement-mediated cell lysis
b. Phagocytosis by macrophages
c. Phagocytosis in the spleen
d. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D. Of the options available, only the components of neutrophil
granules as well as the several toxic oxygen products produced
by these cells, damage the tissue.
,Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type II
hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Modulation
b. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
c. Neutrophil-mediated damage
d. Complement-mediated lysis
A. The antibody reacts with the receptors on the target cell
surface and modulates the function of the receptor by preventing
interactions with their normal ligands, replacing the ligand and
inappropriately stimulating the receptor or destroying the
receptor. For example, in the hyperthyroidism (excessive thyroid
activity) of Graves disease, autoantibody binds to and activates
receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (a pituitary
hormone that controls the production of the hormone thyroxine
by the thyroid). Graves disease is not a result of cell-mediated
cytotoxicity, neutrophil-mediated damage, or complement-
mediated lysis.
A student asks the healthcare professional to describe
exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?
a. Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative
bacteria.
b. Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
,c. Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation
cascades.
d. Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
D. Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth.
Exotoxins are not contained in cell walls of gram-negative
bacteria, released during lysis of bacterial, or able to initiate the
complement and coagulation cascades.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal
infections. What information should the student use to help
another student understand?
a. Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
b. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.
c. Fungal infections release endotoxins.
d. Vaccines prevent fungal infections.
, B. The host defense against fungal infection includes the
fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T
lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and
producing cytokines to further activate macrophages. Fungi
infect other tissue types such as vaginal or gastrointestinal.
Fungi do not release endotoxins; they reside in the cell walls of
gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections are not prevented by
current vaccines.
Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the
synthesis of which chemical mediator?
a. Leukotriene
b. Histamine
c. Prostaglandin
d. Bradykinin
C. Cytokines seem to raise the thermoregulatory set point
through stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and turnover in
thermoregulatory (brain) and nonthermoregulatory (peripheral)
tissues. Leukotrienes, histamine, and bradykinin are not directly
related to fever production
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
LATEST FINAL EXAM ANSWER KEY (WEEK 11)
SPRING TERM FULL LENGTH EXAM WITH DETAILED
ANSWERS
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
what is tissue damage a result of?
a. Complement-mediated cell lysis
b. Phagocytosis by macrophages
c. Phagocytosis in the spleen
d. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D. Of the options available, only the components of neutrophil
granules as well as the several toxic oxygen products produced
by these cells, damage the tissue.
,Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type II
hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Modulation
b. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
c. Neutrophil-mediated damage
d. Complement-mediated lysis
A. The antibody reacts with the receptors on the target cell
surface and modulates the function of the receptor by preventing
interactions with their normal ligands, replacing the ligand and
inappropriately stimulating the receptor or destroying the
receptor. For example, in the hyperthyroidism (excessive thyroid
activity) of Graves disease, autoantibody binds to and activates
receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (a pituitary
hormone that controls the production of the hormone thyroxine
by the thyroid). Graves disease is not a result of cell-mediated
cytotoxicity, neutrophil-mediated damage, or complement-
mediated lysis.
A student asks the healthcare professional to describe
exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?
a. Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative
bacteria.
b. Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
,c. Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation
cascades.
d. Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
D. Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth.
Exotoxins are not contained in cell walls of gram-negative
bacteria, released during lysis of bacterial, or able to initiate the
complement and coagulation cascades.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal
infections. What information should the student use to help
another student understand?
a. Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
b. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.
c. Fungal infections release endotoxins.
d. Vaccines prevent fungal infections.
, B. The host defense against fungal infection includes the
fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T
lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and
producing cytokines to further activate macrophages. Fungi
infect other tissue types such as vaginal or gastrointestinal.
Fungi do not release endotoxins; they reside in the cell walls of
gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections are not prevented by
current vaccines.
Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the
synthesis of which chemical mediator?
a. Leukotriene
b. Histamine
c. Prostaglandin
d. Bradykinin
C. Cytokines seem to raise the thermoregulatory set point
through stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and turnover in
thermoregulatory (brain) and nonthermoregulatory (peripheral)
tissues. Leukotrienes, histamine, and bradykinin are not directly
related to fever production
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
