FINAL EXAM – PSS| QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% SOLVED| GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
Describe the relative advantages and disadvantages of ordinary reinforcing and prestressing.
Ordinary reinforcing advantage: easy installation
Ordinary reinforcing disadvantage: requires more concrete resulting in heavier, larger structure
members. Also, concrete tends to crack.
Prestressed reinforcing advantage: Lighter concrete members and prevents cracking.
Prestressed reinforcing disadvantage: harder installation, special equipment needed.
Under what circumstances would you use pretensioning, and under what circumstances would
you use posttensioning? Pretensioning is used for precast structural members.
Posttensioning is used for cas-in-place construction.
What is the diameter of a #8 reinforcing bar? 8 * 1/8" = 1"
Identify six advantages of using iron. -Iron is extremely strong
-When heated, iron is relatively easy to bend and shape
,-Unlike wood, iron can handle heat
-You can magnetize iron
-Iron is plentiful
-Iron is relatively easy to refine
Which material is easier to deal with, iron or aluminum? Iron
Because iron can be refined and shaped using fairly simple tools.
What is the only real problem with iron and steel? Rust
Rust can be controlled by using methods that resist corrosion
(ie. paint, galvanizing, chrome plating or sacrificial anodes)
What do you start with to make iron? Iron ore
Iron ore is a rock that contains a high amount of iron.
What do you need to eliminate from iron ore to make pure iron? Oxygen
What do you call the most primitive type of iron refinery? -Bloomery
-Charcoal is burned with iron ore.
-The heat from the burning charcoal carries away the oxygen in iron ore leaving iron metal and
silicates (the bloom)
, -The heat does not get hot enough to melt the iron
What type of iron is the result of this primitive iron refinery (the bloomery)? Wrought iron
The silicates (or the bloom) is heated and hammered into the iron metal resulting in wrought
iron.
What is the more advanced way to smelt iron? The blast furnace
What type of iron is the result of this more advanced iron refinery (the blast furnace)? Pig
iron
Pig iron contains about 4 to 5% carbon
What is the problem with pig iron? Because of the carbon, pig iron is so hard and brittle
making it almost useless
What are two things you can do with pig iron? -Eliminate most of the carbon to create
wrought iron
-Create steel
"Steel is iron that has most of the impurities removed"
Define "impurities". -Impurities are unwanted materials like silica, phosphorous and sulfur.
-Steel maintains a small amount of carbon (0.5% - 1.5%)
SUCCESS
Describe the relative advantages and disadvantages of ordinary reinforcing and prestressing.
Ordinary reinforcing advantage: easy installation
Ordinary reinforcing disadvantage: requires more concrete resulting in heavier, larger structure
members. Also, concrete tends to crack.
Prestressed reinforcing advantage: Lighter concrete members and prevents cracking.
Prestressed reinforcing disadvantage: harder installation, special equipment needed.
Under what circumstances would you use pretensioning, and under what circumstances would
you use posttensioning? Pretensioning is used for precast structural members.
Posttensioning is used for cas-in-place construction.
What is the diameter of a #8 reinforcing bar? 8 * 1/8" = 1"
Identify six advantages of using iron. -Iron is extremely strong
-When heated, iron is relatively easy to bend and shape
,-Unlike wood, iron can handle heat
-You can magnetize iron
-Iron is plentiful
-Iron is relatively easy to refine
Which material is easier to deal with, iron or aluminum? Iron
Because iron can be refined and shaped using fairly simple tools.
What is the only real problem with iron and steel? Rust
Rust can be controlled by using methods that resist corrosion
(ie. paint, galvanizing, chrome plating or sacrificial anodes)
What do you start with to make iron? Iron ore
Iron ore is a rock that contains a high amount of iron.
What do you need to eliminate from iron ore to make pure iron? Oxygen
What do you call the most primitive type of iron refinery? -Bloomery
-Charcoal is burned with iron ore.
-The heat from the burning charcoal carries away the oxygen in iron ore leaving iron metal and
silicates (the bloom)
, -The heat does not get hot enough to melt the iron
What type of iron is the result of this primitive iron refinery (the bloomery)? Wrought iron
The silicates (or the bloom) is heated and hammered into the iron metal resulting in wrought
iron.
What is the more advanced way to smelt iron? The blast furnace
What type of iron is the result of this more advanced iron refinery (the blast furnace)? Pig
iron
Pig iron contains about 4 to 5% carbon
What is the problem with pig iron? Because of the carbon, pig iron is so hard and brittle
making it almost useless
What are two things you can do with pig iron? -Eliminate most of the carbon to create
wrought iron
-Create steel
"Steel is iron that has most of the impurities removed"
Define "impurities". -Impurities are unwanted materials like silica, phosphorous and sulfur.
-Steel maintains a small amount of carbon (0.5% - 1.5%)
