EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS ||
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1. Monophasic - ANSWER ✓ Consistent dose in every pill, preferred
for stability.
2. Biphasic - ANSWER ✓ Dose changes midway through the cycle.
3. Triphasic - ANSWER ✓ Dose may change weekly.
4. LARC - ANSWER ✓ Long-acting reversible contraception
options.
5. Contraindications for estrogen - ANSWER ✓ Include history of
blood clots, CAD, and certain cancers.
6. Menopause - ANSWER ✓ Defined as 12 months of amenorrhea in
women over 40.
7. Z < 2.5 SD - ANSWER ✓ Confirms osteoporosis
8. Risks for osteoporosis - ANSWER ✓ Include history of fractures,
low body weight, cigarette smoking, and family history of
osteoporotic fractures
,9. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) goal - ANSWER ✓
Minimize moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms
10. Estrogen + progesterone (HRT) in women without
hysterectomy - ANSWER ✓ To prevent endometrial hyperplasia
(EH) or endometrial cancer (EC)
11. Estrogen only (ERT) in women with hysterectomy -
ANSWER ✓ Progesterone is not needed as prevention of
endometrial hyperplasia is no longer relevant
12. Non-hormonal medications for menopause - ANSWER ✓
Second-line treatment with a brief period of efficacy, including
Paroxetine, Venlafaxine, Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Gabapentin, and
Clonidine
13. Safety of hormone therapy - ANSWER ✓ Safe only in short-
term use; long-term use increases the risk of cardiovascular
disease, cancer, and venous thromboembolism
14. Absolute contraindications for hormone replacement therapy
- ANSWER ✓ Estrogen-dependent malignancies, unexplained
uterine bleeding, history of venous thromboembolism or
cerebrovascular accident, coronary artery disease, active liver
disease
15. Genitourinary Syndrome - ANSWER ✓ Vulvar/vaginal
atrophy treated with topical estrogen therapy to reverse vaginal
atrophy, enhance blood flow, and reduce urinary tract infections
16. Ospemifene 60mg PO qd - ANSWER ✓ Selective estrogen
receptor modulator (SERM) for moderate to severe dyspareunia
, 17. Estrogen and progesterone use - ANSWER ✓ Based on
whether the patient has had a hysterectomy
18. Fibroadenoma - ANSWER ✓ Benign breast tumor classified
as simple or complex, with specific characteristics like cysts,
sclerosing adenosis, epithelial calcifications, and papillary changes
19. Fibrocystic Breast Disease - ANSWER ✓ Spectrum of breast
tissue conditions common in premenopausal women, managed
with cold compresses, dietary adjustments, and imaging to rule out
malignancy
20. Nipple Discharge - ANSWER ✓ Can be benign, unilateral or
bilateral, with various causes including ductal ectasia, papilloma,
physiologic galactorrhea, and medication side effects
21. Breast Cancer Screening - ANSWER ✓ Dependent on risk
factors, with recommendations for mammograms and specific
medications for estrogen receptor-positive cancers
22. Benign Ovarian Tumor - ANSWER ✓ Nonmalignant ovarian
growths that can be solid or cystic, with oral contraceptives
decreasing the risk of malignancy
23. Ovarian Cancer - ANSWER ✓ Associated with genetic
factors like BRCA mutations, Lynch syndrome, and various risk
factors, diagnosed through imaging and tumor markers
24. Pregnancy Medications - ANSWER ✓ Considerations during
pregnancy, including drug effects on renal flow and placental
transfer of medications
25. First trimester - ANSWER ✓ 0 to 12 weeks of pregnancy