NURS 440: Final Exam Review Questions With Complete
Solutions
1. How do the SDGs relate to the social determinants of health?
Which of the SDGs has the strongest relationship to the social
determinants of health? Why? Correct Answers *I'm focusing
on SDG 3 because it suits the theme Basic Requirements for a
Healthy Life*
Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3 or Global Goal 3),
regarding "Good Health and Well-being", is one of the 17
Sustainable Development Goals established by the United
Nations in 2015. The official wording is: "To ensure healthy
lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.". The targets of
SDG 3 cover and focus on various aspects of healthy life and
healthy lifestyle. Progress towards the targets is measured using
twenty-one indicators
Clean water and sanitation, zero hunger, no poverty, shelter,
absence of war
Why? Basic hygiene needs required which stopped infections
and sickness from developing (example is the American civil
war with deaths among soldiers such as typhoid, cholera,
smallpox and malaria)
Widespread introduction to basic human needs is most cost-
effective ways to spend aid money and not surprisingly, many of
the United Nations SDGs are based on such initiatives
,5 overarching principles of the Paris Declaration Correct
Answers - Ownership: Developing countries must be the
leaders of their own development projects. This means all levels
of society should be involved, not just government elites.
- Alignment: Aid should be used for the benefit and convenience
of the recipient, not the donor.
- Harmonization: Donors must coordinate their visits and
reporting needs so that the burden of aid projects is reduced
because the current proliferation of aid agencies means that
some countries are overwhelmed with the conflicting
requirements of each donor.
- Results-Based Management: The move toward measuring
results is a major advance in the general management of aid.
- Mutual Accountability: Essential! not just between donor and
recipient, but also between recipient government and its citizens
8 elements of PHC Correct Answers - nutrition
- education
- sanitation
- maternal and child health
- immunization
- disease control
- medical care
- essential drugs
Absolute Poverty Correct Answers such as people are deprived
of all the elements necessary to make an adequate healthy life.
They lack access to safe water, shelter or security and are more
likely to remain in that condition despite improvements in
society brought on by better market condition
,Addressing the health issues of Indigenous people Correct
Answers Improving and addressing SDOH because they are
principal values influencing the health of Indigenous people in
Canada
1. Socio-economic status
2. Education
3. Effects of residential schooling
4. Housing
5. Clean water and environment
6. Aboriginal languages
ii. Give Indigenous people more control over their own affairs
1. Slow process of land claims and treaty negotiations
2. Locally, more toward Indigenous control over their own
services
Asylum seeker Correct Answers Someone claiming refugee
status, but whose claim has not been proved
Combatting Corruption Examples Correct Answers Botswana:
Although Botswana has a history of stable democratic
government, it was hit by a series of corruption scandals in the
early 1990s. Failure of the government to take any serious action
resulted in pressure from public groups, particularly the
country's free media. After considerable national debate, the
government responded by establishing the Directorate of
Corruption and Economic Crime (TI, 2001). The Directorate has
a broad mandate that includes investigation of corruption, public
education, and prevention. While it has successfully prosecuted
many cases and has raised public awareness of anti-corruption
mechanisms, the Directorate is not fully independent since it has
, to report to the president and must rely on the attorney general's
office to agree to a prosecution.
India: Embezzlement of public funds at the local government
level is common in India. In the 1990s, detecting and preventing
corruption was particularly difficult because Indian states did
not reveal budget documents. A workers' and farmers'
organization, called MKSS, pressured authorities in Rajasthan to
allow the public the right to information about local government
finances. After a long battle, the Rajasthan Right to Information
Act came into force in 2001. Open auditing of public
expenditures was successful in improving the flow of money to
public projects. It spread to other states and became national law
in 2005. Access to information is still far from a full inclusion of
the poor in local governance, but it is a good first step
Common health problems found among Indigenous populations
Correct Answers The gap in life expectancy between
Aboriginal groups and the Canadian average is decreasing but
remains significant.
Statistics Canada predicted that by 2017, Inuit males will still
live 15 years less than the national average (Figure 17.4)
It is widely accepted that the principal risk factors for diabetes,
heart attacks, strokes, and high cholesterol are the so-called
lifestyle factors—poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and smoking
(Indigenous peoples have high levels of all these)
strokes and heart attacks more common; leading cause of death
Solutions
1. How do the SDGs relate to the social determinants of health?
Which of the SDGs has the strongest relationship to the social
determinants of health? Why? Correct Answers *I'm focusing
on SDG 3 because it suits the theme Basic Requirements for a
Healthy Life*
Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3 or Global Goal 3),
regarding "Good Health and Well-being", is one of the 17
Sustainable Development Goals established by the United
Nations in 2015. The official wording is: "To ensure healthy
lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.". The targets of
SDG 3 cover and focus on various aspects of healthy life and
healthy lifestyle. Progress towards the targets is measured using
twenty-one indicators
Clean water and sanitation, zero hunger, no poverty, shelter,
absence of war
Why? Basic hygiene needs required which stopped infections
and sickness from developing (example is the American civil
war with deaths among soldiers such as typhoid, cholera,
smallpox and malaria)
Widespread introduction to basic human needs is most cost-
effective ways to spend aid money and not surprisingly, many of
the United Nations SDGs are based on such initiatives
,5 overarching principles of the Paris Declaration Correct
Answers - Ownership: Developing countries must be the
leaders of their own development projects. This means all levels
of society should be involved, not just government elites.
- Alignment: Aid should be used for the benefit and convenience
of the recipient, not the donor.
- Harmonization: Donors must coordinate their visits and
reporting needs so that the burden of aid projects is reduced
because the current proliferation of aid agencies means that
some countries are overwhelmed with the conflicting
requirements of each donor.
- Results-Based Management: The move toward measuring
results is a major advance in the general management of aid.
- Mutual Accountability: Essential! not just between donor and
recipient, but also between recipient government and its citizens
8 elements of PHC Correct Answers - nutrition
- education
- sanitation
- maternal and child health
- immunization
- disease control
- medical care
- essential drugs
Absolute Poverty Correct Answers such as people are deprived
of all the elements necessary to make an adequate healthy life.
They lack access to safe water, shelter or security and are more
likely to remain in that condition despite improvements in
society brought on by better market condition
,Addressing the health issues of Indigenous people Correct
Answers Improving and addressing SDOH because they are
principal values influencing the health of Indigenous people in
Canada
1. Socio-economic status
2. Education
3. Effects of residential schooling
4. Housing
5. Clean water and environment
6. Aboriginal languages
ii. Give Indigenous people more control over their own affairs
1. Slow process of land claims and treaty negotiations
2. Locally, more toward Indigenous control over their own
services
Asylum seeker Correct Answers Someone claiming refugee
status, but whose claim has not been proved
Combatting Corruption Examples Correct Answers Botswana:
Although Botswana has a history of stable democratic
government, it was hit by a series of corruption scandals in the
early 1990s. Failure of the government to take any serious action
resulted in pressure from public groups, particularly the
country's free media. After considerable national debate, the
government responded by establishing the Directorate of
Corruption and Economic Crime (TI, 2001). The Directorate has
a broad mandate that includes investigation of corruption, public
education, and prevention. While it has successfully prosecuted
many cases and has raised public awareness of anti-corruption
mechanisms, the Directorate is not fully independent since it has
, to report to the president and must rely on the attorney general's
office to agree to a prosecution.
India: Embezzlement of public funds at the local government
level is common in India. In the 1990s, detecting and preventing
corruption was particularly difficult because Indian states did
not reveal budget documents. A workers' and farmers'
organization, called MKSS, pressured authorities in Rajasthan to
allow the public the right to information about local government
finances. After a long battle, the Rajasthan Right to Information
Act came into force in 2001. Open auditing of public
expenditures was successful in improving the flow of money to
public projects. It spread to other states and became national law
in 2005. Access to information is still far from a full inclusion of
the poor in local governance, but it is a good first step
Common health problems found among Indigenous populations
Correct Answers The gap in life expectancy between
Aboriginal groups and the Canadian average is decreasing but
remains significant.
Statistics Canada predicted that by 2017, Inuit males will still
live 15 years less than the national average (Figure 17.4)
It is widely accepted that the principal risk factors for diabetes,
heart attacks, strokes, and high cholesterol are the so-called
lifestyle factors—poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and smoking
(Indigenous peoples have high levels of all these)
strokes and heart attacks more common; leading cause of death
