Patho 6030 Exam 1: Marquette Questions With Complete
Solutions
What does sensitivity identify about a diagnostic?
It identifies the portion of people who HAVE the disease and
ARE positive the test for the disease
How is nosocomial pneumonia acquired?
A result of a hospital stay, NOT caused by a medical treatment.
i.e. think of bed rest, too long or intubation
What is prevelence?
- proportion of population affected at a fixed point in time
- typically clinically scoring data (lameness scoring)
The measure of existing cases divided by the population (per
100 people) is?
Prevelence
Mortality
Signifies the number of person who die from a given condition
What levels of intervention prevent further deterioration?
Tertiary
If a patient has a pH lower than 7.35, what does this indicate?
Acidosis
,What is a normal pCO2?
35-45 mmHg
What is a normal HCO3?
22-26, remember 2x3=6
What is HCO3 called?
Bicarbonate
Diagnosis the following ABGs: 7.50/37/35
Metabolic Alkalosis
Diagnosis the following ABGs: 7.21/50/25
Respiratory Acidosis
Diagnosis and treat the following ABGs: 7.29/31/18
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis; tx w/bicarb
How does atrophy effect the cell?
It decreases the cell size
Hypoxia is
The lack of oxygen to the cell
The Sodium-Potassium pump has failed to correct hypoxia.
What happens to the cell?
Sodium and water move into the cell
vacuoles form
,cytoplasm swells
cell degenerates and ruptures
Reperfusion injury
occurs when oxygen is restored to ischemic tissue
The five adaptive changes are:
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
Both parents are dominant/dominant, will their children express
recessive traits?
NO
What is the definition of a genotype?
A composition of genes at a given location; it is NOT the
potential expression of the gene
What is a genetic carrier?
An individual that has the disease-causing allele however is
phenotypically normal; they do not express the disease
T/F Women who carry the faulty x-linked gene will not pass it
to both sons and daughters?
False, they may pass it on to either child
, Parents are DD and dd, what is the percentage that their
offspring will express DOMINANT gene characteristics?
100%
Diffusion is an example of what kind of transport?
Passive transport
What is Albumin?
It is the plasma protein that is primarily responsible for the
plasma oncotic pressure as it has the highest concentration
What is the ADH system?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced in the
brain that causes the kidneys to release less water,
decreasing the amount of urine produced.
How do low and elevated ADH levels effect the body?
A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine. A low
level results in greater urine production
Explain the antidiuretic hormone system:
Intracellular: Increase in plasma serum osmolality -> ADH is
made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary
-> cause thirst -> water ingestion -> extracellular water volume
Extracellular: Decreased blood volume -> secretion of ADH ->
Reabsorption of water by the kidney -> Extracellular water
volume
Solutions
What does sensitivity identify about a diagnostic?
It identifies the portion of people who HAVE the disease and
ARE positive the test for the disease
How is nosocomial pneumonia acquired?
A result of a hospital stay, NOT caused by a medical treatment.
i.e. think of bed rest, too long or intubation
What is prevelence?
- proportion of population affected at a fixed point in time
- typically clinically scoring data (lameness scoring)
The measure of existing cases divided by the population (per
100 people) is?
Prevelence
Mortality
Signifies the number of person who die from a given condition
What levels of intervention prevent further deterioration?
Tertiary
If a patient has a pH lower than 7.35, what does this indicate?
Acidosis
,What is a normal pCO2?
35-45 mmHg
What is a normal HCO3?
22-26, remember 2x3=6
What is HCO3 called?
Bicarbonate
Diagnosis the following ABGs: 7.50/37/35
Metabolic Alkalosis
Diagnosis the following ABGs: 7.21/50/25
Respiratory Acidosis
Diagnosis and treat the following ABGs: 7.29/31/18
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis; tx w/bicarb
How does atrophy effect the cell?
It decreases the cell size
Hypoxia is
The lack of oxygen to the cell
The Sodium-Potassium pump has failed to correct hypoxia.
What happens to the cell?
Sodium and water move into the cell
vacuoles form
,cytoplasm swells
cell degenerates and ruptures
Reperfusion injury
occurs when oxygen is restored to ischemic tissue
The five adaptive changes are:
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
Both parents are dominant/dominant, will their children express
recessive traits?
NO
What is the definition of a genotype?
A composition of genes at a given location; it is NOT the
potential expression of the gene
What is a genetic carrier?
An individual that has the disease-causing allele however is
phenotypically normal; they do not express the disease
T/F Women who carry the faulty x-linked gene will not pass it
to both sons and daughters?
False, they may pass it on to either child
, Parents are DD and dd, what is the percentage that their
offspring will express DOMINANT gene characteristics?
100%
Diffusion is an example of what kind of transport?
Passive transport
What is Albumin?
It is the plasma protein that is primarily responsible for the
plasma oncotic pressure as it has the highest concentration
What is the ADH system?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced in the
brain that causes the kidneys to release less water,
decreasing the amount of urine produced.
How do low and elevated ADH levels effect the body?
A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine. A low
level results in greater urine production
Explain the antidiuretic hormone system:
Intracellular: Increase in plasma serum osmolality -> ADH is
made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary
-> cause thirst -> water ingestion -> extracellular water volume
Extracellular: Decreased blood volume -> secretion of ADH ->
Reabsorption of water by the kidney -> Extracellular water
volume
