TMC Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
HME's are not recommended with - ANSWERinfants as increased mechanical
deadspace of the device exceeds the tidal volume of the infant, causing CO2
retention
The gold standard test for diagnosing asthma - ANSWERMethacholine Challenge test
Considered positive for the disease if the 20% threshold is reached with the
administration of a low dosage of methacholine
Platelets - ANSWERa series of reactions that clot the blood, preventing fluid loss.
Tactile Fremitus may be increased with: - ANSWERLung Consolidation (pneumonia)
Atelectasis
Lung Tumor
tactile fremitus may be decreased with: - ANSWERCOPD, emphysema
Obesity or increased muscle tissue
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Peripheral Edema and indications - ANSWERan excessive amount of tissue fluid in
the arms and legs.
Seen as the congestive manifestations of right-sided heart failure (CHF) or renal
failure.
Polycythemia is - ANSWERan abnormally high concentration of RBC, often seen with
the chronic hypoxia of COPD
Hyperkalemia may be result of - ANSWERRenal failure
Hyperchloremia may be seen with - ANSWERMetabolic acidosis
Honeycombing - a reticular or mesh-like, dense formation characteristic of a diffuse
interstitial disease commonly caused by - ANSWERpulmonary fibrosis
Bronchial patterns- appearing as dirty lungs, are caused by the inflammatory
processes of - ANSWERchronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis
Localized patterns of opacification are often seen with - ANSWERPneumonia
wedge-shaped area of consolidation adjacent to the pleural surface -
ANSWERPulmonary infarction
,Characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia and treatment - ANSWERrun of 3 or more
PVC's with a rate of 100 to 250 bpm
*Defibrillate!*
Sinus Block Characteristics - ANSWERWhen the SA node fails to pace for one cardiac
cycle (NO P wave, QRS complex, or T wave for one cycle)
First Degree AV Block Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when the prolonged PR
interval is greater than one large square on the ECG tracing.
Second Degree AV block *Wenkebach* Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when the PR
interval becomes larger with each succeeding cycle until a QRS complex is omitted
Second Degree AV Block - Mobitz II Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when a QRS
complex is omitted
-Less common then Wenkebach
- Usually occurs as a result of M.I or ischemia
Third degree AV Block (Complete block) characteristics - ANSWERIntermittent P
waves and the T waves are often absent.
-Commonly result of M.I
- Treatment requires medications and pacemaker placement
MAP= - ANSWER(2x Diastolic) + Systolic / 3
Clinical conditions associated with an increase in CVP: - ANSWERRight Heart Failure
Cor Pulmonale
Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
Conditions associated with Increased PAP: - ANSWERLung disorders
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary Hypertension
Air Embolism
Conditions associated with increased PCWP: - ANSWERLeft heart failure
Mitral Valve Stenosis
CHF
High PEEP effects
Hypervolemia; The CVP, PAP, PCWP, QT will all be - ANSWERincreased
Hypovolemia; CVP, PAP, PCWP, and Qt will all be - ANSWERdecreased
pH measured by - ANSWERSanz electrode
PCO2 measured by - ANSWERSeveringhaus electrode
,PO2 is measured by - ANSWERClark electrode
Gastrointestinal losses, treatment involves - ANSWER(metabolic alkalosis)
Replacement therapy with the IV administration of Potassium Chloride (KCI)
In the presence of a PDA, a shunt exists when values - ANSWERfor SpO2 of preductal
blood, measured by placement of a probe on the right hand (upper extremity), are
higher than those for postductal blood, measured by placement of a second probe
on either foot (lower extremity)
Transcutaneous monitoring requires that the skin at the sensor site be heated to a
temperature of - ANSWER43-45 degree C to permit diffusion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide across the skin barrier
the capnograph waveform for an obstructive lung disorder may appear - ANSWERas
an increased slop or absence of a true plateau
the capnograph waveform for a restrictive process may appear as - ANSWERa more
sharply sloped plateau
ABG, blood gas analysis one-point calibration normally done before a sample
analysis or every - ANSWER30 minutes
ABG, a two-point calibration adjusts the analyzer to 2 standards and may be done
every - ANSWER2 to 8 hours
An indication of how much carbon dioxide is being produced which, in turn, will
require adequate levels of ventilation by the patient for its removal and the
prevention of acidosis - ANSWERThe respiratory quotient
R= VCO2/VO2
Pulmonary function testing, how closely its measurements conform to a known
reference value. - ANSWERAccuracy
Pulmonary function testing, how to minimal variation from a value after repeated
measurement - ANSWERPrecision
Pulmonary Function testing, refers to the accuracy of a measuring device over its
entire range of measurement - ANSWERLinearity
Flow duration= - ANSWERPSI x factor/ Liter flow
To minimize risk of ROP, it is recommended to keep PaO2 levels below - ANSWER80
mmhg
On an air-entrainment nebulizer, if water collects in the tubing it will result in -
ANSWERhigher Fi02 as the result of back pressure
, Two common methods used to provide for improved delivery of high fi02s include -
ANSWER-Connecting two or more air-entrainment nebs together using "wye"
adaptors
-Using an open aerosol tubing reservoir on the expiratory side of a T-tube
Used primarily for the administration of bland aerosol therapy or sputum induction -
ANSWERUltrasonic Nebulizers (USN)
The effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry for the patient with atelectasis is best
assess with - ANSWERauscultation of breath sounds before and after therapy
IPPB: Flowrate - ANSWERadjustments will alter inspiratory time and respiratory rate
Forced Expiratory Technique (FET) involves "huff" coughing techniques using a series
of forced expirations of lower lung volumes through an open glottis may be more
effective in the clearance of secretions. This is indicated for patients with: -
ANSWERemphysema, CF, or bronchiectasis
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 1: - ANSWERa maximum inspiration (inspiratory
capacity maneuver) is followed by a series of breaths at low lung volumes
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 2: - ANSWERcontinues with diaphragmatic breathing
at middle lung volumes
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 3: - ANSWERuses increased lung volumes for a series
of breaths that prepares for final coughing and expulsion of secretions
Nasotrachael intubation becomes method of choice in the what clincal situations -
ANSWER-Cervical Spine injuries
- Maxillofacial injuries
Suction catheter size equation - ANSWER(ET tube size / 2) x 3
The king LT-D is used for ventilation through - ANSWERthe main lumen and (2)
through a smaller, second channel the ability to pass a gastric tube into the
esophagus and stomach
The common phase variables used to initiate inspiration, known more specifically as
- ANSWERtrigger variables
The variable that limits magnitude of any parameter during inspiration is known as -
ANSWERa target or limit variable
Ends the inspiratory phase when a preset value for pressure, volume, flow, or time
has been reached - ANSWERCycle variable
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
HME's are not recommended with - ANSWERinfants as increased mechanical
deadspace of the device exceeds the tidal volume of the infant, causing CO2
retention
The gold standard test for diagnosing asthma - ANSWERMethacholine Challenge test
Considered positive for the disease if the 20% threshold is reached with the
administration of a low dosage of methacholine
Platelets - ANSWERa series of reactions that clot the blood, preventing fluid loss.
Tactile Fremitus may be increased with: - ANSWERLung Consolidation (pneumonia)
Atelectasis
Lung Tumor
tactile fremitus may be decreased with: - ANSWERCOPD, emphysema
Obesity or increased muscle tissue
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Peripheral Edema and indications - ANSWERan excessive amount of tissue fluid in
the arms and legs.
Seen as the congestive manifestations of right-sided heart failure (CHF) or renal
failure.
Polycythemia is - ANSWERan abnormally high concentration of RBC, often seen with
the chronic hypoxia of COPD
Hyperkalemia may be result of - ANSWERRenal failure
Hyperchloremia may be seen with - ANSWERMetabolic acidosis
Honeycombing - a reticular or mesh-like, dense formation characteristic of a diffuse
interstitial disease commonly caused by - ANSWERpulmonary fibrosis
Bronchial patterns- appearing as dirty lungs, are caused by the inflammatory
processes of - ANSWERchronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis
Localized patterns of opacification are often seen with - ANSWERPneumonia
wedge-shaped area of consolidation adjacent to the pleural surface -
ANSWERPulmonary infarction
,Characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia and treatment - ANSWERrun of 3 or more
PVC's with a rate of 100 to 250 bpm
*Defibrillate!*
Sinus Block Characteristics - ANSWERWhen the SA node fails to pace for one cardiac
cycle (NO P wave, QRS complex, or T wave for one cycle)
First Degree AV Block Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when the prolonged PR
interval is greater than one large square on the ECG tracing.
Second Degree AV block *Wenkebach* Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when the PR
interval becomes larger with each succeeding cycle until a QRS complex is omitted
Second Degree AV Block - Mobitz II Characteristics - ANSWEROccurs when a QRS
complex is omitted
-Less common then Wenkebach
- Usually occurs as a result of M.I or ischemia
Third degree AV Block (Complete block) characteristics - ANSWERIntermittent P
waves and the T waves are often absent.
-Commonly result of M.I
- Treatment requires medications and pacemaker placement
MAP= - ANSWER(2x Diastolic) + Systolic / 3
Clinical conditions associated with an increase in CVP: - ANSWERRight Heart Failure
Cor Pulmonale
Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
Conditions associated with Increased PAP: - ANSWERLung disorders
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary Hypertension
Air Embolism
Conditions associated with increased PCWP: - ANSWERLeft heart failure
Mitral Valve Stenosis
CHF
High PEEP effects
Hypervolemia; The CVP, PAP, PCWP, QT will all be - ANSWERincreased
Hypovolemia; CVP, PAP, PCWP, and Qt will all be - ANSWERdecreased
pH measured by - ANSWERSanz electrode
PCO2 measured by - ANSWERSeveringhaus electrode
,PO2 is measured by - ANSWERClark electrode
Gastrointestinal losses, treatment involves - ANSWER(metabolic alkalosis)
Replacement therapy with the IV administration of Potassium Chloride (KCI)
In the presence of a PDA, a shunt exists when values - ANSWERfor SpO2 of preductal
blood, measured by placement of a probe on the right hand (upper extremity), are
higher than those for postductal blood, measured by placement of a second probe
on either foot (lower extremity)
Transcutaneous monitoring requires that the skin at the sensor site be heated to a
temperature of - ANSWER43-45 degree C to permit diffusion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide across the skin barrier
the capnograph waveform for an obstructive lung disorder may appear - ANSWERas
an increased slop or absence of a true plateau
the capnograph waveform for a restrictive process may appear as - ANSWERa more
sharply sloped plateau
ABG, blood gas analysis one-point calibration normally done before a sample
analysis or every - ANSWER30 minutes
ABG, a two-point calibration adjusts the analyzer to 2 standards and may be done
every - ANSWER2 to 8 hours
An indication of how much carbon dioxide is being produced which, in turn, will
require adequate levels of ventilation by the patient for its removal and the
prevention of acidosis - ANSWERThe respiratory quotient
R= VCO2/VO2
Pulmonary function testing, how closely its measurements conform to a known
reference value. - ANSWERAccuracy
Pulmonary function testing, how to minimal variation from a value after repeated
measurement - ANSWERPrecision
Pulmonary Function testing, refers to the accuracy of a measuring device over its
entire range of measurement - ANSWERLinearity
Flow duration= - ANSWERPSI x factor/ Liter flow
To minimize risk of ROP, it is recommended to keep PaO2 levels below - ANSWER80
mmhg
On an air-entrainment nebulizer, if water collects in the tubing it will result in -
ANSWERhigher Fi02 as the result of back pressure
, Two common methods used to provide for improved delivery of high fi02s include -
ANSWER-Connecting two or more air-entrainment nebs together using "wye"
adaptors
-Using an open aerosol tubing reservoir on the expiratory side of a T-tube
Used primarily for the administration of bland aerosol therapy or sputum induction -
ANSWERUltrasonic Nebulizers (USN)
The effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry for the patient with atelectasis is best
assess with - ANSWERauscultation of breath sounds before and after therapy
IPPB: Flowrate - ANSWERadjustments will alter inspiratory time and respiratory rate
Forced Expiratory Technique (FET) involves "huff" coughing techniques using a series
of forced expirations of lower lung volumes through an open glottis may be more
effective in the clearance of secretions. This is indicated for patients with: -
ANSWERemphysema, CF, or bronchiectasis
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 1: - ANSWERa maximum inspiration (inspiratory
capacity maneuver) is followed by a series of breaths at low lung volumes
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 2: - ANSWERcontinues with diaphragmatic breathing
at middle lung volumes
Autogenic drainage (AD) Phase 3: - ANSWERuses increased lung volumes for a series
of breaths that prepares for final coughing and expulsion of secretions
Nasotrachael intubation becomes method of choice in the what clincal situations -
ANSWER-Cervical Spine injuries
- Maxillofacial injuries
Suction catheter size equation - ANSWER(ET tube size / 2) x 3
The king LT-D is used for ventilation through - ANSWERthe main lumen and (2)
through a smaller, second channel the ability to pass a gastric tube into the
esophagus and stomach
The common phase variables used to initiate inspiration, known more specifically as
- ANSWERtrigger variables
The variable that limits magnitude of any parameter during inspiration is known as -
ANSWERa target or limit variable
Ends the inspiratory phase when a preset value for pressure, volume, flow, or time
has been reached - ANSWERCycle variable
