Exam 1 Anesthesiology Questions With Complete Solutions
What is the oculocardiac reflex
Anesthesiology definition
Branch of medicine/science concerned with anesthesia
Anesthesia definition
Conditions/state (e.g. the patient is under anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist definition
Doctor specialized in anesthesiology
Anesthetist definition
,Nurse/technician specialized in the provision of anesthesia
Anesthesia = lack of ---
Analgesia = lack of ---
sensation; pain
What is General Anesthesia?
•Disruption of CNS function (brain & spinal cord)
-Artificially induced by certain drugs (e.g. propofol, isoflurane)
-Reversible → full return to normal function
What happens during Anesthesia?
•Vital functions maintained but depressed
•Protective reflexes abolished (E.g. coughing, swallowing
→ endotracheal intubation)
Cardiovascular Effects of Anesthesia
•Drugs can directly affect contractility or vascular tone
•Central effect on cardiac and vasomotor center (In the medulla
oblongata)
Respiratory Effects of Anesthesia
•CNS depression
•Blunted response to ↑ CO2
Anesthesia and Nausea
,•Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) - Part of vomiting center
- Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
What is the triad of anesthesia?
unconsciousness, analgesia, relaxation
--- anesthesia adequate to perform surgery
General
Why is general anesthesia adequate to perform surgery?
1.Unconsciousness
2.Analgesia
3.Immobility - reflex movements abolished
4.Muscle relaxation
5.Amnesia(humans)
General anesthesia
unconsciousness (CNS)
Local anesthesia
-Desensitization of one or more specific nerves
-Conscious patient (e.g. dehorning of cattle)
-Under general anesthesia (e.g. dental extraction in dogs)
Regional anesthesia
- Desensitization of all nerves supplying a body region
(e.g. epidural anesthesia to desensitize hind limbs)
, -Usually under general anesthesia in small animals
-Can be done under sedation in large animals
Anesthesia requires knowledge of what other sciences
Physiology, pharmacology, anatomy etc
True/False:
Anesthesia and analgesia are synonyms
FALSE
•Vital functions maintained but depressed during --- Anesthesia
General
True/False
Don't leave pain untreated at presentation
True
What consists in the Pre-anesthetic assessment?
•Collecting a patient's history
•Performing a pre-anesthetic physical exam
•Pre-anesthetic diagnostic tests
•Establishing a patient's health status (ASA status)
Sequence of Events in Veterinary Anesthesia
1.Establish if a patient needs anesthesia
2.Preanesthetic assessment
-History, physical exam, diagnostic tests, ASA status
3.Informed client consent
What is the oculocardiac reflex
Anesthesiology definition
Branch of medicine/science concerned with anesthesia
Anesthesia definition
Conditions/state (e.g. the patient is under anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist definition
Doctor specialized in anesthesiology
Anesthetist definition
,Nurse/technician specialized in the provision of anesthesia
Anesthesia = lack of ---
Analgesia = lack of ---
sensation; pain
What is General Anesthesia?
•Disruption of CNS function (brain & spinal cord)
-Artificially induced by certain drugs (e.g. propofol, isoflurane)
-Reversible → full return to normal function
What happens during Anesthesia?
•Vital functions maintained but depressed
•Protective reflexes abolished (E.g. coughing, swallowing
→ endotracheal intubation)
Cardiovascular Effects of Anesthesia
•Drugs can directly affect contractility or vascular tone
•Central effect on cardiac and vasomotor center (In the medulla
oblongata)
Respiratory Effects of Anesthesia
•CNS depression
•Blunted response to ↑ CO2
Anesthesia and Nausea
,•Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) - Part of vomiting center
- Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
What is the triad of anesthesia?
unconsciousness, analgesia, relaxation
--- anesthesia adequate to perform surgery
General
Why is general anesthesia adequate to perform surgery?
1.Unconsciousness
2.Analgesia
3.Immobility - reflex movements abolished
4.Muscle relaxation
5.Amnesia(humans)
General anesthesia
unconsciousness (CNS)
Local anesthesia
-Desensitization of one or more specific nerves
-Conscious patient (e.g. dehorning of cattle)
-Under general anesthesia (e.g. dental extraction in dogs)
Regional anesthesia
- Desensitization of all nerves supplying a body region
(e.g. epidural anesthesia to desensitize hind limbs)
, -Usually under general anesthesia in small animals
-Can be done under sedation in large animals
Anesthesia requires knowledge of what other sciences
Physiology, pharmacology, anatomy etc
True/False:
Anesthesia and analgesia are synonyms
FALSE
•Vital functions maintained but depressed during --- Anesthesia
General
True/False
Don't leave pain untreated at presentation
True
What consists in the Pre-anesthetic assessment?
•Collecting a patient's history
•Performing a pre-anesthetic physical exam
•Pre-anesthetic diagnostic tests
•Establishing a patient's health status (ASA status)
Sequence of Events in Veterinary Anesthesia
1.Establish if a patient needs anesthesia
2.Preanesthetic assessment
-History, physical exam, diagnostic tests, ASA status
3.Informed client consent
