NUR 122 Exam #4 Gas Exchange/Asthma Questions
And Answers
albuterol classification ANS short-acting bronchodilator
albuterol purpose in an asthmatic ANS to relieve SOB quickly
fluticasone classification ANS long-acting corticosteroid
fluticasone purpose in an asthmatic ANS relieve asthma symptoms
atropine/ipratropium classification ANS anticholinergic
atropine/ipratropium purpose in an asthmatic patient ANS decrease secretions and
bronchospasms
what is the #1 adverse effect of atropine/ipratropium ANS dry mouth
omalizumab classification ANS monoclonial antibody
omalizumab purpose in an asthmatic ANS to decrease exacerbations of asthma in severe
asthmatics
(subQ injection 1x/month)
prednisone classification ANS corticosteroid - anti-inflammatory
prednisone purpose in an asthmatic ANS decrease the inflammatory response and make breathing
easier
,methylprednisolone classification ANS corticosteroid/anti-inflammatory
methylprednisolone purpose in an asthmatic ANS decrease the inflammatory response and make
breathing easier
montelukast classification ANS leukotriene receptor antagonist
*works on the leukotrienes and decreases response to allergens*
montelukast purpose in an asthmatic ANS prevention and reduction of asthma symptoms
corticosteroids like prednisone and methylprednisolone can cause ____ ANS hyperglycemia
asthma is considered a... ANS chronic airway limitation
ischemia ANS lack of blood flow to a tissue
hypoxia ANS lack of oxygen reaching the cells
anoxia ANS without (lack of) oxygen
hypoxemia ANS lack of oxygen in the blood
asthma triggers (6) ANS genetics
airborne allergens/pollutants
airway infections (PNA, laryngitis, bronchitis)
exercise
emotional stress
GERD (nerves get irritated)
,meds (ASA, NSAIDS, antibiotics - increased production of leukotrienes when the aspirin or
NSAID's suppress the inflammatory index)
asthma manifestations (6) ANS wheezing
coughing
dyspnea
chest tightness
increased mucus production
hyperresonance on percussion
chronic asthma manifestations (4) ANS barrel chest (AP diameter 2:2)
elevated shoulders
use of accessory muscles on respiration
different facial appearance due to chronic hypoxia (flattened malar bones, circles beneath eyes,
narrow noes, prominent upper teeth)
asthma diagnostics ANS ABGs
eosinophils (to determine allergens)
skin test for allergies
PFT's
peak flow meters
chest x-ray
how will a chest xray help with the diagnosis of asthma ANS rule out PNA, bronchitis, and look
at structure of lungs
which diagnostic test is *the most accurate* to diagnose asthma ANS pulmonary function test
(PFT)
, how would the ABG of an asthmatic look ANS decreased PaO2, decreased CO2 then increased
as attack goes on due to the air being trapped and retaining CO2
forced vital capacity (FVC) ANS the amount of air exhaled forcefully and quickly after inhaling
as much as possible
forced expiratory volume (FEV) ANS the amount of air expired during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
seconds of the test
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) ANS the fastest rate that you can force air out
if an asthma patient is restless and agitated what is the problem? ANS they are not getting
enough oxygen to the brain - they need intervention *now*
asthmatics are at risk for these 2 things ANS COPD, infection
an asthmatics lungs on an xray would look.. ANS long due to chronic overinflation with air
4 classes of asthma ANS *intermittent asthma* (exercise-induced)
*mild asthma* (weekly attack but no S/S in between)
*moderate asthma* (more often attacks, and S/S in between attacks)
*severe asthma* (chronic, daily or more attacks)
peak flow meter is used to ANS assess asthma severity at home
it measures the peak expiratory flow
asthmatic patients should use their peak flow meter how often? ANS daily to evaluate
manifestations and the amount of air that can be expelled out
steps to using the peak flow meter (8 steps) ANS set the peak flow meter to zero
And Answers
albuterol classification ANS short-acting bronchodilator
albuterol purpose in an asthmatic ANS to relieve SOB quickly
fluticasone classification ANS long-acting corticosteroid
fluticasone purpose in an asthmatic ANS relieve asthma symptoms
atropine/ipratropium classification ANS anticholinergic
atropine/ipratropium purpose in an asthmatic patient ANS decrease secretions and
bronchospasms
what is the #1 adverse effect of atropine/ipratropium ANS dry mouth
omalizumab classification ANS monoclonial antibody
omalizumab purpose in an asthmatic ANS to decrease exacerbations of asthma in severe
asthmatics
(subQ injection 1x/month)
prednisone classification ANS corticosteroid - anti-inflammatory
prednisone purpose in an asthmatic ANS decrease the inflammatory response and make breathing
easier
,methylprednisolone classification ANS corticosteroid/anti-inflammatory
methylprednisolone purpose in an asthmatic ANS decrease the inflammatory response and make
breathing easier
montelukast classification ANS leukotriene receptor antagonist
*works on the leukotrienes and decreases response to allergens*
montelukast purpose in an asthmatic ANS prevention and reduction of asthma symptoms
corticosteroids like prednisone and methylprednisolone can cause ____ ANS hyperglycemia
asthma is considered a... ANS chronic airway limitation
ischemia ANS lack of blood flow to a tissue
hypoxia ANS lack of oxygen reaching the cells
anoxia ANS without (lack of) oxygen
hypoxemia ANS lack of oxygen in the blood
asthma triggers (6) ANS genetics
airborne allergens/pollutants
airway infections (PNA, laryngitis, bronchitis)
exercise
emotional stress
GERD (nerves get irritated)
,meds (ASA, NSAIDS, antibiotics - increased production of leukotrienes when the aspirin or
NSAID's suppress the inflammatory index)
asthma manifestations (6) ANS wheezing
coughing
dyspnea
chest tightness
increased mucus production
hyperresonance on percussion
chronic asthma manifestations (4) ANS barrel chest (AP diameter 2:2)
elevated shoulders
use of accessory muscles on respiration
different facial appearance due to chronic hypoxia (flattened malar bones, circles beneath eyes,
narrow noes, prominent upper teeth)
asthma diagnostics ANS ABGs
eosinophils (to determine allergens)
skin test for allergies
PFT's
peak flow meters
chest x-ray
how will a chest xray help with the diagnosis of asthma ANS rule out PNA, bronchitis, and look
at structure of lungs
which diagnostic test is *the most accurate* to diagnose asthma ANS pulmonary function test
(PFT)
, how would the ABG of an asthmatic look ANS decreased PaO2, decreased CO2 then increased
as attack goes on due to the air being trapped and retaining CO2
forced vital capacity (FVC) ANS the amount of air exhaled forcefully and quickly after inhaling
as much as possible
forced expiratory volume (FEV) ANS the amount of air expired during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
seconds of the test
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) ANS the fastest rate that you can force air out
if an asthma patient is restless and agitated what is the problem? ANS they are not getting
enough oxygen to the brain - they need intervention *now*
asthmatics are at risk for these 2 things ANS COPD, infection
an asthmatics lungs on an xray would look.. ANS long due to chronic overinflation with air
4 classes of asthma ANS *intermittent asthma* (exercise-induced)
*mild asthma* (weekly attack but no S/S in between)
*moderate asthma* (more often attacks, and S/S in between attacks)
*severe asthma* (chronic, daily or more attacks)
peak flow meter is used to ANS assess asthma severity at home
it measures the peak expiratory flow
asthmatic patients should use their peak flow meter how often? ANS daily to evaluate
manifestations and the amount of air that can be expelled out
steps to using the peak flow meter (8 steps) ANS set the peak flow meter to zero
