Microbiology Notes: Introduction to Microbiology
- Microbiology: study of very small organisms (microorganisms)
Microscop VVVC ic (Ch.3)
- Unable to see with the naked eye
Independent Units (Ch. 2, 4, 5, 6)
-
Complexity (CH. 4, 6)
- Less complex organisms, so they are able to multiply immensely
Rapid growth rates (Ch. 6)
Omnipresent (Chapters 6,7)
- Presence of microorganisms is controllable
- Are able to survive and be present almost anywhere
Midterm 1: Chapters 1-7
Course Schedule
Sept 10: Chapter 1, 2, 3
Sept 17: Chapter 4
- Watch intro videos in microbiology
Why study Microbiology?
- This knowledge allows us to:
1. Prevent disease occurrence
2. Develop aseptic techniques to prevent contamination and the spread of disease
3. Prevent food spoilage
Chapter 1: An Overview of Microbiology
Two Kingdoms of Microbiology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
PROkaryotes
- Pro= Pre(Greek for before) Karyote= Nucleus
- Freely floating DNA is in the nucleoid (region containing DNA) of the cell
- One circular molecule of DNA
- Genetic material (genome) free-floating chromosome (1 single chromosome)
- No organelles in the cell except ribosomes
- Cell walls have several complex layers to protect themselves, made up of
peptidoglycan
- Undergo cell division through Binary Fission (2 cells)
- One cell divides in the middle to become 2 cells
Types of Microorganisms (Subset of Prokaryotes)
- Archaea (ancient) bacteria
, - They are pathogens, and can cause disease , but they
dont because they are “walless”
- Can appear to have a wal “pseudowall”
- If they are walless, unable to survive in
enevironments
- Eubacteria, causes disease (ch.4)
- Eg: Listeria- can be spread through almond milk
- Symptoms of listeria: Nausea, vomiting, and
diahhrea
- Vulnerable demographics: infants, pregnant
women
- Whooping Cough (Bordetella)
- Can infect infants
- Symptoms: nonstop violent coughing, can cause
death
- Can it be prevented?- Yes!
- D-Tap
- Demographic that will be benefited from
booster dose: Adults (taken once in 10
years)
EUkaryotes
- Eu= True (Greek)
- All microbes are animal cells, human cell is the highest form of a human cell
- Karyotes = Nucleus
- The Nucleus contains genetic material: DNA
- DNA is contained in chromosomes in the cell
- Human cells contain 46 chromosomes, varies for other organisms
- Contains several organelles (Ex: ER, Golgi, Mitochondria, Ribosome)
- Ribosomes: protein synthesis
- Has no wall, less complex, contains a plasma membrane instead
- Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Types of microorganisms (from least to most complex)
- Fungi
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Ex: malaria
- Multicellular
- Parasites
- Human cells
Viruses are not eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
- Virsuses are all parasites, rely on mammalian cells to grow (ex human cells)
- Ex:
- Microbiology: study of very small organisms (microorganisms)
Microscop VVVC ic (Ch.3)
- Unable to see with the naked eye
Independent Units (Ch. 2, 4, 5, 6)
-
Complexity (CH. 4, 6)
- Less complex organisms, so they are able to multiply immensely
Rapid growth rates (Ch. 6)
Omnipresent (Chapters 6,7)
- Presence of microorganisms is controllable
- Are able to survive and be present almost anywhere
Midterm 1: Chapters 1-7
Course Schedule
Sept 10: Chapter 1, 2, 3
Sept 17: Chapter 4
- Watch intro videos in microbiology
Why study Microbiology?
- This knowledge allows us to:
1. Prevent disease occurrence
2. Develop aseptic techniques to prevent contamination and the spread of disease
3. Prevent food spoilage
Chapter 1: An Overview of Microbiology
Two Kingdoms of Microbiology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
PROkaryotes
- Pro= Pre(Greek for before) Karyote= Nucleus
- Freely floating DNA is in the nucleoid (region containing DNA) of the cell
- One circular molecule of DNA
- Genetic material (genome) free-floating chromosome (1 single chromosome)
- No organelles in the cell except ribosomes
- Cell walls have several complex layers to protect themselves, made up of
peptidoglycan
- Undergo cell division through Binary Fission (2 cells)
- One cell divides in the middle to become 2 cells
Types of Microorganisms (Subset of Prokaryotes)
- Archaea (ancient) bacteria
, - They are pathogens, and can cause disease , but they
dont because they are “walless”
- Can appear to have a wal “pseudowall”
- If they are walless, unable to survive in
enevironments
- Eubacteria, causes disease (ch.4)
- Eg: Listeria- can be spread through almond milk
- Symptoms of listeria: Nausea, vomiting, and
diahhrea
- Vulnerable demographics: infants, pregnant
women
- Whooping Cough (Bordetella)
- Can infect infants
- Symptoms: nonstop violent coughing, can cause
death
- Can it be prevented?- Yes!
- D-Tap
- Demographic that will be benefited from
booster dose: Adults (taken once in 10
years)
EUkaryotes
- Eu= True (Greek)
- All microbes are animal cells, human cell is the highest form of a human cell
- Karyotes = Nucleus
- The Nucleus contains genetic material: DNA
- DNA is contained in chromosomes in the cell
- Human cells contain 46 chromosomes, varies for other organisms
- Contains several organelles (Ex: ER, Golgi, Mitochondria, Ribosome)
- Ribosomes: protein synthesis
- Has no wall, less complex, contains a plasma membrane instead
- Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Types of microorganisms (from least to most complex)
- Fungi
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Ex: malaria
- Multicellular
- Parasites
- Human cells
Viruses are not eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
- Virsuses are all parasites, rely on mammalian cells to grow (ex human cells)
- Ex:
