NUR 145- Fluid and Electrolytes Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Solvent ✅Solution (fluid)
Solute ✅Particles dissolved in fluid
Approximately _____% of typical adult body weight is fluid (water and electrolytes)
✅60
Fluid varies with ✅Age, body fat, gender
Intracellular fluid ✅fluid within cells (70%)
Extracellular fluid ✅Fluid outside cells, 30%, includes intravascular and interstitial
fluids
Extracellular fluid- intravascular (fluid within blood vessels) ✅Plasma, blood cells,
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Extracellular fluid- interstitial (fluid that surrounds the cell) ✅Lymph
Extracellular fluid- transcellular ✅Cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular,
pleural, sweat, GI
If too much fluid moves from ICF to ECF, cellular ________ can occur ✅Dehydration
If too much fluid moves from ECF to ICF, cell _______ can occur ✅Swelling
Third-spacing ✅Loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to equilibrium
between the ICF and the ECF
Examples of third-spacing ✅Ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and
angioedema
Daily I&O of water approximately _____ mL/day ✅2500
Urine output of _______ ✅1mL/kg/hour
Lungs lose _______ mL everyday ✅300
, Weight excellent indicator of overall fluid volume status (T/F) ✅True
1 L H20 = ✅1 kg (2.2lbs)
Children are at at risk for dehydration due to ✅-kidneys have less concentrating power
-increased metabolic rate
-increase in lean tissue
-increase in surface area/weight
Gerontologic considerations ✅-clinical manifestations of imbalance may be subtle
-fluid deficit may cause delirium
-decreased cardiac reserve
-reduced renal function
-dehydration is common
-age-related thinning of the skin and loss of strength and elasticity
Factors which increase the percentage of TBW include ✅Being a child
Homeostasis ✅The body tries to maintain a balance of fluid and solutes
When two different solutions are separated by a membrane that is semi-permeable;
fluid shifts from the region of _____ concentrated solution to a ______ concentrated
solution, until solutions are of equal concentration ✅Less; more
Osmolarity ✅Concentration of solutes per liter of solution
Osmolality ✅Concentration of solutes per kilogram of solution, often used for labs
Serum osmolality value ✅Greater than 290mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality value ✅200-800
Factors contributing to osmolality of the blood ✅Sodium, glucose, BUN greater than
25mg/dL
Normal serum osmolarity is 280. A reading of 330 mOsm/kg indicates that the ✅ECF is
concentrated
Osmolality (increases/decreases) with dehydration ✅Increases
Capillary forces ✅Two forces at every capillary membrane
Hydrostatic pressure ✅The pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessel
Questions and Correct Answers
Solvent ✅Solution (fluid)
Solute ✅Particles dissolved in fluid
Approximately _____% of typical adult body weight is fluid (water and electrolytes)
✅60
Fluid varies with ✅Age, body fat, gender
Intracellular fluid ✅fluid within cells (70%)
Extracellular fluid ✅Fluid outside cells, 30%, includes intravascular and interstitial
fluids
Extracellular fluid- intravascular (fluid within blood vessels) ✅Plasma, blood cells,
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Extracellular fluid- interstitial (fluid that surrounds the cell) ✅Lymph
Extracellular fluid- transcellular ✅Cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular,
pleural, sweat, GI
If too much fluid moves from ICF to ECF, cellular ________ can occur ✅Dehydration
If too much fluid moves from ECF to ICF, cell _______ can occur ✅Swelling
Third-spacing ✅Loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to equilibrium
between the ICF and the ECF
Examples of third-spacing ✅Ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and
angioedema
Daily I&O of water approximately _____ mL/day ✅2500
Urine output of _______ ✅1mL/kg/hour
Lungs lose _______ mL everyday ✅300
, Weight excellent indicator of overall fluid volume status (T/F) ✅True
1 L H20 = ✅1 kg (2.2lbs)
Children are at at risk for dehydration due to ✅-kidneys have less concentrating power
-increased metabolic rate
-increase in lean tissue
-increase in surface area/weight
Gerontologic considerations ✅-clinical manifestations of imbalance may be subtle
-fluid deficit may cause delirium
-decreased cardiac reserve
-reduced renal function
-dehydration is common
-age-related thinning of the skin and loss of strength and elasticity
Factors which increase the percentage of TBW include ✅Being a child
Homeostasis ✅The body tries to maintain a balance of fluid and solutes
When two different solutions are separated by a membrane that is semi-permeable;
fluid shifts from the region of _____ concentrated solution to a ______ concentrated
solution, until solutions are of equal concentration ✅Less; more
Osmolarity ✅Concentration of solutes per liter of solution
Osmolality ✅Concentration of solutes per kilogram of solution, often used for labs
Serum osmolality value ✅Greater than 290mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality value ✅200-800
Factors contributing to osmolality of the blood ✅Sodium, glucose, BUN greater than
25mg/dL
Normal serum osmolarity is 280. A reading of 330 mOsm/kg indicates that the ✅ECF is
concentrated
Osmolality (increases/decreases) with dehydration ✅Increases
Capillary forces ✅Two forces at every capillary membrane
Hydrostatic pressure ✅The pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessel
