AP Computer Science Principles 20-21 Study Guide Test With Answers.

innovation - correct answer A new or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof prototype - correct answer a preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's the original drawing from which something real might be built or created. overflow - correct answer Text that does not fit in a text box and is therefore hidden. binary number system - correct answer A system with two numeric values of 0 and 1, which are also referred to as off or on. ASCII - correct answer a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127 analog data - correct answer A continuous representation of data. like the runner's position, have values that change smoothly, rather than in discrete intervals. Analog data can be approximated digitally by measuring values of the analog signal at regular intervals called samples. The samples are represented digitally as sequences of bits. lossless compression - correct answer a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. lossy compression - correct answer data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. This technique attempts to eliminate redundant information. overflow error - correct answer occur when an arithmetic operation results in a value outside the range of numbers that can be represented by a fixed number of bits Net Nuetrality - correct answer is a raging legal debate about the principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites. Internet Censorship - correct answer is the attempt to control or suppress of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet by certain people. This can be used to protect people but can also be used to limit free speech. protocol - correct answer An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system IP Address - correct answer The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet. Internet Protocol (IP) - correct answer a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device computing device - correct answer a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors computing system - correct answer a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose computing network - correct answer a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data. path - correct answer the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver. bandwidth - correct answer the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second. http - correct answer Allow computers to request and share webpages, audio, images, videos, and other file types on the Internet, collectively known as the world wide web. DNS - correct answer Translate human-readable domains like or into IP addresses that can be used by the Internet. UDP - correct answer Send large messages over the Internet when speed is most important. You would either use TCP or UDP. TCP - correct answer Send large messages over the Internet when accuracy is most important. You would either use TCP or UDP. IP - correct answer Uniquely identifying people on the internet and routing messages between them. physical network - correct answer Physically connecting devices to one another so that information can move through the network. fault tolerance - correct answer the capability of a system to continue performing when there is a hardware failure packets - correct answer segments of messages that contain digital instructions that allow them to reassemble properly at the same time at the destination router - correct answer a device that forwards data packets between computer networks reliability - correct answer that consistently performs according to its specifications digital divide - correct answer The relative lack of access to the latest technologies among low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries user interface - correct answer the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software. User interfaces can include a variety of forms such as buttons, menus, images, text, and graphics.