BIOB34 Midterm 1 Questions and Correct Answers

What are the 7 fundamental characteristics that separate animals and protist's? (Lec 1) Ans 1. They are eukaryotes 2. Animals are multicellular 3. Animals are diploid dominant 4. Animals have cells that lack cell walls 5. Animals are chemoautotrophic 6. Animals at one point in their life cycle were motile and react to external stimuli due to muscle and/or nervous tissue. 7. Development via Blastula and Gastrula stages What is metabolism? (Lec 2) Ans Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occuring in an organism. What are the laws of thermodynamics? What kind of system do they apply to? (Lec 2) Ans 1. Total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time - known as law of conservation of energy. 2. The exchange of energy will always produce heat. What is a chemoautotroph? (Lec 2) Ans A chemoautotroph is an organism that consumes organic molecules and synthesizes energy from those organic molecules. What is direct calorimetry? Who invented it? (Lec 2) Ans Antoine Lavoisier. Direct calorimetry measures how much heat an animal uses directly. Ex: guinea pig melting ice with body heat. What is indirect calorimetry? Who invented it? (Lec 2) Ans Antoine Lavoisier. This method measures heat indirectly by measuring something easier to measure but still correlates to heat. What is the most common form of indirect calorimetry? How does it work? (Lec 2) Ans Respirometry. It works by measuring the O2 levels being consumed by the animal. What assumptions need to be made for respirometry to work? (Lec 2) Ans 1. Metabolism must be fully aerobic, meaning it is usually a longer period of time. 2. Stored oxygen is not being used. What is RER? (Lec 2) Ans Respiratory exchange ratio. During respirometry if stored oxygen is being used, RER is calculated by using... CO2 (produced)/O2 (consumed). What is the Doubly-Labeled Water Technique? (Lec 3