DATA ANALYSIS EXAM 1 ACCURATE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Data - ANSWER Observations social scientists make or gather in order to investigate the social world,
empirical information
statistics - ANSWER A set of mathematical techniques used by social scientists to organize and condense
data in answering a research question
Empirical - ANSWER Bits of info that you use your senses in someway, real
Theory - ANSWER An explanation of a social phenomenon or relationship between attributes, answers
the question why
Hypothesis - ANSWER Statement predicting some outcome or the nature of the relationship between
attributes
Variable - ANSWER Any attribute or characteristic that can change from one case to the next
IV - ANSWER The attribute thought to have an Influence on or even cause another variable
DV - ANSWER Attributes thought to be influenced by or effect of another variable
descriptive statistics - ANSWER Branch of Statistics including procedures that aid in portraying data and
identifying links between variables
inferential statistics - ANSWER Branch of statistics with which you generalize sample results back to the
population the sample was Drawn from
discrete variable - ANSWER Variables whose basic unit of measurement cannot be further subdivided
into smaller and different units
, continuous variable - ANSWER Variables whose measurement units can be subdivided Infinitely into
ones that are both smaller and different
Nominal - ANSWER Can only name or classify cases, a qualitative variable, mathematically can count
how many we have, get a percent
Discrete
Ex: gender, major, marital status
Ordinal - ANSWER Can classify as well as rank (low to high), distance between categories are not known,
exact, or equal. Mathematically can count how many of each, percent, find median
Discrete
Ex: class rank, strongly agree-disagree
Interval ratio - ANSWER Can be classified, ranked, and distances of categories are known And equivalent,
mathematically can count them, percentages, ratio, median, mean
Ex: age, # of pets (exact)
Discrete AND continuous
Variable name - ANSWER The name used to identify a variable in the data set. In SPSS, variable names
appear in the 'NAME' column on the far left side of the variable view screen
Variable label - ANSWER A description of what the variable measures. This appears in the label column
of the variable view window
Values - ANSWER The Numeric symbols that have been assigned to a variables categories. Even with
nominal or ordinal variables, SPSS requires numeric stand-ins to represent each category. These appear
when you click on the right hand side of a cell of the values column in the variable view window
Value label - ANSWER The category that corresponds to a value in identifies exactly what the number is
referring to. These Also appear when you click on the right-hand side of a cell in the values column in
the variable window
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Data - ANSWER Observations social scientists make or gather in order to investigate the social world,
empirical information
statistics - ANSWER A set of mathematical techniques used by social scientists to organize and condense
data in answering a research question
Empirical - ANSWER Bits of info that you use your senses in someway, real
Theory - ANSWER An explanation of a social phenomenon or relationship between attributes, answers
the question why
Hypothesis - ANSWER Statement predicting some outcome or the nature of the relationship between
attributes
Variable - ANSWER Any attribute or characteristic that can change from one case to the next
IV - ANSWER The attribute thought to have an Influence on or even cause another variable
DV - ANSWER Attributes thought to be influenced by or effect of another variable
descriptive statistics - ANSWER Branch of Statistics including procedures that aid in portraying data and
identifying links between variables
inferential statistics - ANSWER Branch of statistics with which you generalize sample results back to the
population the sample was Drawn from
discrete variable - ANSWER Variables whose basic unit of measurement cannot be further subdivided
into smaller and different units
, continuous variable - ANSWER Variables whose measurement units can be subdivided Infinitely into
ones that are both smaller and different
Nominal - ANSWER Can only name or classify cases, a qualitative variable, mathematically can count
how many we have, get a percent
Discrete
Ex: gender, major, marital status
Ordinal - ANSWER Can classify as well as rank (low to high), distance between categories are not known,
exact, or equal. Mathematically can count how many of each, percent, find median
Discrete
Ex: class rank, strongly agree-disagree
Interval ratio - ANSWER Can be classified, ranked, and distances of categories are known And equivalent,
mathematically can count them, percentages, ratio, median, mean
Ex: age, # of pets (exact)
Discrete AND continuous
Variable name - ANSWER The name used to identify a variable in the data set. In SPSS, variable names
appear in the 'NAME' column on the far left side of the variable view screen
Variable label - ANSWER A description of what the variable measures. This appears in the label column
of the variable view window
Values - ANSWER The Numeric symbols that have been assigned to a variables categories. Even with
nominal or ordinal variables, SPSS requires numeric stand-ins to represent each category. These appear
when you click on the right hand side of a cell of the values column in the variable view window
Value label - ANSWER The category that corresponds to a value in identifies exactly what the number is
referring to. These Also appear when you click on the right-hand side of a cell in the values column in
the variable window
