NURSING 3TT3: NURSING CONCEPTS ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND AN SWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 The goals of cancer care are to - ANSWER cu re, control, or provide palliation Palliation - ANSWER Relief or control of symptoms and the optimization of quality of life until death. The goals of cancer care can be pursued by - ANSWER surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, cryosurgery, biotherapy (immun otherapy), bone marrow transplants, hormone therapy, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, clinical trials, pain management regime, lifestyle changes, psychotherapy, and spiritual care. The definition of chemotherapy according to the National Cancer Inst itute is - ANSWER treatment given by mouth, injection, infusion, or topically that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. The two types of chemotherapy are - ANSWER cell cycle specific and cell cycle nonspecific. The chemotherapy drug classes that are cell cycle phase specific include - ANSWER Antimetabolites, Vinca plant alkaloids, and some miscellaneous anticancer drugs. The chemotherapy drug classes that are non -cell cycle phase specific include - ANSWER Alkylating agents, antitumor antibiotics, hormone and hormone antagonists, and some miscellaneous anticancer drugs. Common normal cells likely to be damaged by chemother apy due to their fast -growing characteristic include - ANSWER blood -forming cells in the bone marrow, hair follicular cells, oral cells, digestive tract cells, and cells of the reproductive tract. The common adverse effects of chemotherapy include - ANSWE R · anemia · appetite changes · bad breath · constipation or diarrhea · decreased concentration ability · decreased libido · dry skin · easy bruising/bleeding · extravasation · fatigue · hair loss · hearing loss vertigo · hypercalcemia · hyperglycemia (if given steroids as part of treatment) · hyperkalemia (destroyed cells release potassium into the bloodstream) · hypernatremia · hyperuricemia · infection · infertility · inhibited sexual function · insomnia · mood changes · nausea/vomiting · neuropathy (weakness, numbness, tingling, pain) · neutropenia · oral ulcers · petechia (pinpoint hemorrhages caused by low platelet counts) · thrombocytopenia (less than 30,000 platelets per cubic mm) · urinary incontinence · weight changes Adverse effe cts of chemotherapy that should be reported right away include: - ANSWER - fever (>37 degrees Celsius) - excessive bleeding or bruising - severe signs/symptoms of allergic reaction (swelling of mouth or throat, severe itching, rash) - SOB - intense chill s - unusual intense pain (e.g. headache) - long -lasting vomiting or diarrhea - blood in the stool or urine The definition of radiotherapy according to the National Cancer Institute is - ANSWER the use of high -
energy radiation from x -rays, gamma rays, ne utrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and decrease the size or eradicate tumors. Radiation can come from a machine outside the body or from radioactive material placed in the body. The adverse effects of radiotherapy depend on the area o f the body being treated but may include - ANSWER · acne · alopecia · alteration of taste and smell · bad breath · blurry vision · cavities · cough · decreased ability to concentrate · decreased libido · diarrhea · dry and/or painful skin · dysphagia · edema · fatigue
energy radiation from x -rays, gamma rays, ne utrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and decrease the size or eradicate tumors. Radiation can come from a machine outside the body or from radioactive material placed in the body. The adverse effects of radiotherapy depend on the area o f the body being treated but may include - ANSWER · acne · alopecia · alteration of taste and smell · bad breath · blurry vision · cavities · cough · decreased ability to concentrate · decreased libido · diarrhea · dry and/or painful skin · dysphagia · edema · fatigue
