SPH 130 Test -2 (1)

SPH 130 Test #2
There are _____ letters in the english alphabet - ANS-26

There are _______ speech sounds in the english - ANS-43

the rules that govern the production and combination of the spoken sounds of a particular
language - ANS-Phonology

_________-The ability to physically produce all speech sounds - ANS-Articulation

_________- often referred to to as the smallest unit of SOUND that can AFFEECT meaning -
ANS-Phoneme

_____________-variations of a phoneme - ANS-Allophone

Sounds can be classified in 2 broad categories - ANS-CONSONANTS and VOWELS

______-classified by place and manner of articulation, also by voiced and unvoiced -
ANS-consonants

____________- classified by lip and tongue position as well as lingual tension - ANS-vowel

Consonants are classified by the following characteristics (3 of them) - ANS-Place, Voice,
Manner

where consonants are produced - ANS-place

how consonants are produced - ANS-manner

Labio - ANS-Lips

Dental - ANS-Teeth

Lingua - ANS-Tongue

Labio-Dental - ANS-Upper teeth and lower lip

Bilabial - ANS-Both Lips

Lingua-Dental - ANS-tongue and teeth

,Lingua-Alveolar - ANS-Tongue and alveolar

Lingua- palatal - ANS-tongue and hard palate

Lingua-Velar - ANS-tongue to soft palate

Glottal - ANS-air through the glottis

Impounding air behind an occlusion v.t. and release - ANS-Plosive

Forcing are through a narrow opening for a prolonged length of time - ANS-Fricitive

Narrowing an opening for the air to pass through but in a SHORT burst - ANS-Affricate

Produced by V.P to allow some air to resonate in the nasal cavity - ANS-Nasal

Produced by air passing along one of both sides of the tongue - ANS-Liquid

Produced by narrowing an opening for the air to pass through semi-vowels - ANS-Glide

Vowels are produced when air is allowed to _________ for a relatively long period of time in one
of the air cavities in the vocal tract - ANS-Resonate

2 specific disorders of the production of speech sounds - ANS-Articulation and Phonation

refers to the difficulty with the physical movements involved in the production of speech sounds
or individual phonemes - ANS-Articulation Disorder

refers to the difficulty with the organizational aspects of phonology - ANS-Phonological Disorder

Process in which a child simplifies the adult production of speech sound - ANS-Phonological
Process

S
O
D
A - ANS-Substitution
Omission
Distortion
Addition

articulation disorder when sound is replaced by another sound - ANS-Substitution

articulation disorder when the phoneme is not produced - ANS-Omission

, articulation disorder when imprecise production of a sound occurs - ANS-Distortion

articulation disorder when someone adds a sound to a word that does not belong -
ANS-Addition

-Common in normal speech development
- usually seen in earlier developing sounds
- the least frequently observed has to do with voicing errors - ANS-Substitution

Substitution Errors:
-__________ in normal speech development
-Usually seen in ____________ developing sounds
- The least frequently observed substitution has to do with __________ __________ -
ANS-Common
Earlier
Voicing Errors

-Most common in final position of words
- decreases with age
- results in the most unintelligible speech - ANS-Omission

Omission Errors:
- Most common in ________ ________ of words
- Decreases with ________
- Results in the most ____________ speech - ANS-Final Position
Age
Unintelligible

-Occurs more often in older children and adults
-Most common error with /s/ and /r/
- a non-standard form of the phoneme is used - ANS-Distortion

Distortion Errors:
-Occurs most often in ______ ____ and adults
- Most common distortion with _____ and ______
-A ______________ form of the phoneme is used - ANS-Older Children
/s/ /r/
Non-standard

Addition
-Most cases is addition of the __________ ________
-typically at the end of a word or between a cluster - ANS-Unstressed Schwa