Vitals
What are the vital signs? - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure,
(pain can be seen as the fifth sign) (pulse ox sometimes included)
When do you asses vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-on admission to hospital, based on policy,
loss of consciousness, change in pt. condition, before and after surgery/ diagnostic procedure,
before admin. med that alter vitals
What is normal oral temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-35.8-37.3 deg. celcius; 96.4-99.5 deg.
farenheight
what is normal pulse rate - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 bpm (80 average)
what are normal respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER-12-20 breaths/ min
What is normal blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-12-20 breaths/min
What is normal blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-120/80 mmHg
How do a babies vitals differ from ours? - CORRECT ANSWER-babies have higher heart rate and
lower bp
What is the primary source of heat prodcution? - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolism
what increases metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones, muscle movements, and exercise
What increases heat production? - CORRECT ANSWER-thyroid hormones and shivering also
increase heat production
What is released when heat is required? - CORRECT ANSWER-norepinephrine and epinephrine
--> alter metabolsim
what is the relationship between energy production and heat production? - CORRECT
ANSWER-inverse relationship
Sources of heat loss - CORRECT ANSWER-skin (primary source), evaporation of sweat, warming
and humidifying inspired air, eliminating urine and feces
What are ways body heat is transferred? - CORRECT ANSWER-radiation, convection,
evaporation, conduction
Radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves
its cold outside and the body loses heat to the cold
Convection - CORRECT ANSWER-the dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal
density
fan blowing on person
, Evaporation - CORRECT ANSWER-the conversion of a liquid to a vapor
sweating, then sweat being evaporated by the sun
conduction - CORRECT ANSWER-The transfer of heat to another object during direct contact
ice pack on head (body loses heat to ice pack)
What factors affect body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER--circadian rhythms
-age and gender
-physical activity
-state of health
-environmental temperature
afebrile - CORRECT ANSWER-without fever
pyrexia - CORRECT ANSWER-(with fever) febrile
What does intermttent fever mean - CORRECT ANSWER-temp. returns to normal at least once
every 24 hours
remittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few
degrees up and down
sustained (or continuous fever) - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature remains above normal with
minimal variations
relapsing fever (recurrent fever) - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature returns to normal for one or
more days, with one or more episodes of fever (can last several days)
Hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER-35 degrees C (x<95 F)
Equipment for assessing temperature - CORRECT ANSWER--Electronic and digital thermometers
-Tympanic membrane thermometers
-Disposable single-use thermometers
-Temporal artery thermometers
-Automated monitoring devices
What is the most accurate temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER-rectal (lubricate tip and insert 1
inch into rectum)
What temperature for assesments will run highest? - CORRECT ANSWER-Axillary runs highest
What affects temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER-smoking, chewing gum, drinking hot or cool
liquids, exercising
What regulates pulse? - CORRECT ANSWER-regulated by the autonomic nervous system
through cardiac sinatorial node
Pulse rate - CORRECT ANSWER-number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute
Characteristics of the peripheral pulse - CORRECT ANSWER--rate: normal, tachycardia,
bradycardia
What are the vital signs? - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure,
(pain can be seen as the fifth sign) (pulse ox sometimes included)
When do you asses vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-on admission to hospital, based on policy,
loss of consciousness, change in pt. condition, before and after surgery/ diagnostic procedure,
before admin. med that alter vitals
What is normal oral temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-35.8-37.3 deg. celcius; 96.4-99.5 deg.
farenheight
what is normal pulse rate - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 bpm (80 average)
what are normal respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER-12-20 breaths/ min
What is normal blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-12-20 breaths/min
What is normal blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-120/80 mmHg
How do a babies vitals differ from ours? - CORRECT ANSWER-babies have higher heart rate and
lower bp
What is the primary source of heat prodcution? - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolism
what increases metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones, muscle movements, and exercise
What increases heat production? - CORRECT ANSWER-thyroid hormones and shivering also
increase heat production
What is released when heat is required? - CORRECT ANSWER-norepinephrine and epinephrine
--> alter metabolsim
what is the relationship between energy production and heat production? - CORRECT
ANSWER-inverse relationship
Sources of heat loss - CORRECT ANSWER-skin (primary source), evaporation of sweat, warming
and humidifying inspired air, eliminating urine and feces
What are ways body heat is transferred? - CORRECT ANSWER-radiation, convection,
evaporation, conduction
Radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves
its cold outside and the body loses heat to the cold
Convection - CORRECT ANSWER-the dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal
density
fan blowing on person
, Evaporation - CORRECT ANSWER-the conversion of a liquid to a vapor
sweating, then sweat being evaporated by the sun
conduction - CORRECT ANSWER-The transfer of heat to another object during direct contact
ice pack on head (body loses heat to ice pack)
What factors affect body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER--circadian rhythms
-age and gender
-physical activity
-state of health
-environmental temperature
afebrile - CORRECT ANSWER-without fever
pyrexia - CORRECT ANSWER-(with fever) febrile
What does intermttent fever mean - CORRECT ANSWER-temp. returns to normal at least once
every 24 hours
remittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few
degrees up and down
sustained (or continuous fever) - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature remains above normal with
minimal variations
relapsing fever (recurrent fever) - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature returns to normal for one or
more days, with one or more episodes of fever (can last several days)
Hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER-35 degrees C (x<95 F)
Equipment for assessing temperature - CORRECT ANSWER--Electronic and digital thermometers
-Tympanic membrane thermometers
-Disposable single-use thermometers
-Temporal artery thermometers
-Automated monitoring devices
What is the most accurate temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER-rectal (lubricate tip and insert 1
inch into rectum)
What temperature for assesments will run highest? - CORRECT ANSWER-Axillary runs highest
What affects temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER-smoking, chewing gum, drinking hot or cool
liquids, exercising
What regulates pulse? - CORRECT ANSWER-regulated by the autonomic nervous system
through cardiac sinatorial node
Pulse rate - CORRECT ANSWER-number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute
Characteristics of the peripheral pulse - CORRECT ANSWER--rate: normal, tachycardia,
bradycardia
