BIO 225 Exam 4 Tara Duck Questions And Answers With Verified Study Solutions

spinal cord - begins at the foramen magnum end at L1 and L2 ascending descending cervical (arms) and lumbosacral enlargements (legs) reflex center A thick cord of tissue that starts at the head. Spinal cord-white mater - White columns Dorsal funiculus Ventral funiculus lateral funiculus Spinal cord-nerves - Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal root spinal nerve ventral root spinal cord gray matter - Somatic and visceral sensory and somatic and visceral motor nuclei (know where these are on figure) spina bifida - congenital defect in which one or more vertebrae fail to complete vertebral arch for enclosure of the spinal cord Folic acid reduces risk spinal cord meninges - dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia matersensory areas of cerebral cortex - General senses and special senses General senses of the cerebral cortex - Pain, temperatures, touch, pressure, and vibration Proprioception Special sense of the cerebral cortex - vision, hearing, taste (gustation), smell(olfactory), equillibrium(vestibular) cerebral lateralization - the division of labor between the two cerebral hemispheres such that each hemisphere is specialized for particular types of processing Left-controls language, math, logic (90%) Right-controls visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, artistic, and musical skills (10%0 decussation - cross- over contralateral relay - chain of neurons somatotopy - spatial representation of body on cortex symmetry - pair pathways what on left is on right first order (sensory) - -recieves from the cutaneous receptors and proprioceptors -extends to spinal cord or medulla second order (interneuron) - -cell body to Dorsal horn of spinal cord or medullary nuclei -extends to thalamus or cerebellumthird order (interneuron) - -cell body to thalamus - extends to somatosensory cortex -not present in cerebellum medial leminiscal pathway (ascending) - -cuneatus fasciculis -gracilis fascilius -transmits to somatosensory cortex -discriminative touch and vibration cuneatus fasciculus - diaphagram up gracilis fasiculus - diaphragm down