BIOL 2302 Final Exam Study Questions with Answers 100% Solved

16. The amplification of the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in - cAMP in the cytoplasm Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to - plasma membrane receptors How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? - Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells. What is the role of activated protein kinases? - Phosphorylate proteins. Cyclic AMP is degraded by - phosphodiesterase Which of the following enzymes are important in the deactivation of cAMP and termination of signaling? - phosphodiesterase What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane? - water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine Submit Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone? - phosphodiesterase Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor? - tyrosine kinase receptors Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins? - activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum? - IP3 Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels? - β receptors Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? - cortisol What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? - activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? - acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? - thyroid hormone Submit What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor? - chaperone proteins (chaperonins) Submit What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland? - adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons? - control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Submit Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones? - GH (growth hormone) Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex? - oxytocin Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized? - hypothalamus