BIOL 2302 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions 2024

Growth Hormone (GH) - Hormone that regulates growth, produced in the pituitary gland Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Hormone that stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid gland, produced in the pituitary gland Follicle - Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Hormone that stimulates follicle cells to grow, triggers production of gametes, produced in the pituitary gland Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - Hormone that promotes production of gonadal hormones, triggers ovulation produced in the pituitary gland Prolactin (PRL) - Hormone that stimulates milk PRODUCTION, produced in the pituitary gland Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - Hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids, produced in the pituitary gland Oxytocin - Hormone that stimulates muscle contraction in uterus during labor and milk RELEASE from breast tissue, produced in the pituitary gland Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) - Hormone that is responsible for water retention, produced in the pituitary gland T3/T4 - Hormone that utilizes sources of energy, breakdown glucose & fatty acids for ATP production, make proteins, produce heat, excrete cholesterol, growth, produced in thyroid gland Calcitonin - Hormone that decrease calcium levels, produced in thyroid gland Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - Hormone that increases blood calcium levels Glucagon - Hormone that increases blood glucose levels, secreted by Alpha cells in pancreas Insulin - Hormone that decrease blood glucose levels, secreted by beta cells in pancreas Aldosertone - Hormone that increase sodium & water, decrease potassium, produced in adrenal cortex Cortisol - Hormone that breakdown skeletal muscle & fat, convert amino acids into glucose, anti-inflammatory, produced in adrenal cortex Androgens - Hormone that is responsible for growth, secondary sex characteristics, muscle development, produced in adrenal cortex Epinepherine/ Norepinepherine (NE) - Hormone that increases heart rate & respiratory rate, breakdown glycogen & fatty acids, produced in adrenal medulla Testosterone - Hormone that stimulates muscle growth, thickening of vocal cords, increased facial & pubic hair, sperm development, produced in male gonads (testes) Inhibin - Hormone that inhibits secretion of follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH), produced in male gonads (testes) Estrogen/progesterone - Hormone that stimulates body shape, pubic hair growth, breast development in females, produced in female gonads (ovaries) Melatonin - Hormone that regulate sleep/wake cycles, produced in pineal gland Pituitary Dwarfism - Hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland BEFORE puberty, results in undergrowth of body structures Gigantism - Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland during childhood, results in excess growth of all body structures Acromegaly - Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after puberty, over growth of soft tissue Diabetes insipidus - Hyposecretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) from posterior pituitary gland, results in excessive thirst, frequent urination and large volumes of urine