FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY– RETAKE
EXAM/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FNP
RETAKE EXAM 2022-2023
GUARANTEED A
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? a.Bacteriologic
c.Liquefactive
b.Caseous
d.Gangrenous - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called:
a.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
b.Pathologic dysplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Pathologic hyperplasia
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal: a.Hyperplasia
c.Hypertrophy
b.Dysplasia
d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
a.Atrophy
c.Hyperplasia
1
,b.Metaplasia
d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperplasia
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
a.Hyperplasia
c.Dysplasia
b.Metaplasia
d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: a.Atrophy
c.Anaplasia
b.Hyperplasia
d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Hyperplasia Dysplasia
refers to a(n):
a.Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type
b.True adaptive process at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
d.Lack of oxygen at the cellular level - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Modification in the
shape of a specific cell type
What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe
ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.) a.Lungs
b.Brain
c.Kidneys
d.Muscles
e.Heart - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Kidneys
e.Heart
A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic disease.
What is the probability that the next child will have the same genetic disease? a.One
sixth
c.One third
b.One fourth
d. One half - -CORRECT ANSWER- d. One half
When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from: a.Father
c.Both parents
b.Mother
d.Grandparent - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Both parents
Which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?
a.Consanguinity is sometimes present.
b.Females are affected more than males.
c.The disease is observed in both the parents, as well as in the siblings.
d.On average, one half of the offspring of the carrier will be affected. - -CORRECT
ANSWER- a.
Consanguinity is sometimes present.
2
,Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease?
a.Sex-linked dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Sex-linked recessive Insulin
is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:
a.Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium.
b.Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
d.Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer
effective. - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell
along with glucose.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a.Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
b.Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid
tissue
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
d.Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a
goiter - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones The signs of thyrotoxic crisis include:
a.Constipation with gastric distention
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
b.Bradycardia and bradypnea
d.Constipation and lethargy - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
b.Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
c.High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.High levels of
circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with Graves disease is
usually: a.High
c.Normal
b.Low
d.In constant flux - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Low
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? a.
Primary
c.
Exogenous
b.
Secondary
d.
Inflammatory - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.
3
, Secondary
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is: a.Pituitary
hyposecretion
c.Parathyroid gland damage
b.Parathyroid adenoma
d.Autoimmune parathyroid disease - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Parathyroid gland
damage
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid
hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.) a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
d.Hyporeflexia
e.Asphyxiation - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
e.Asphyxiation
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
a.Increased serum calcium levels
b.Decreased serum magnesium levels
c.Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormonefold) - -CORRECT ANSWER-
a.Increased serum calcium levels
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
c.Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
b.Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts
d.Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Hypothalamus; renal
tubular cells
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? a.Increases
serum calcium.
c.Decreases serum magnesium.
b.Decreases serum calcium.
d.Increases serum magnesium - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Decreases serum calcium.
What is the action of calcitonin? a.Increases
metabolism.
c.Increases serum calcium.
b.Decreases metabolism.
d.Decreases serum calcium - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Decreases serum calcium
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? a.Parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
b.Thyroxine (T4)
c.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4
EXAM/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FNP
RETAKE EXAM 2022-2023
GUARANTEED A
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? a.Bacteriologic
c.Liquefactive
b.Caseous
d.Gangrenous - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called:
a.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
b.Pathologic dysplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Pathologic hyperplasia
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal: a.Hyperplasia
c.Hypertrophy
b.Dysplasia
d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
a.Atrophy
c.Hyperplasia
1
,b.Metaplasia
d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperplasia
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
a.Hyperplasia
c.Dysplasia
b.Metaplasia
d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: a.Atrophy
c.Anaplasia
b.Hyperplasia
d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Hyperplasia Dysplasia
refers to a(n):
a.Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type
b.True adaptive process at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
d.Lack of oxygen at the cellular level - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Modification in the
shape of a specific cell type
What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe
ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.) a.Lungs
b.Brain
c.Kidneys
d.Muscles
e.Heart - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Kidneys
e.Heart
A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic disease.
What is the probability that the next child will have the same genetic disease? a.One
sixth
c.One third
b.One fourth
d. One half - -CORRECT ANSWER- d. One half
When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from: a.Father
c.Both parents
b.Mother
d.Grandparent - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Both parents
Which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?
a.Consanguinity is sometimes present.
b.Females are affected more than males.
c.The disease is observed in both the parents, as well as in the siblings.
d.On average, one half of the offspring of the carrier will be affected. - -CORRECT
ANSWER- a.
Consanguinity is sometimes present.
2
,Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease?
a.Sex-linked dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Sex-linked recessive Insulin
is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:
a.Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium.
b.Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
d.Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer
effective. - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell
along with glucose.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a.Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
b.Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid
tissue
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
d.Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a
goiter - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes
overproduction of thyroid hormones The signs of thyrotoxic crisis include:
a.Constipation with gastric distention
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
b.Bradycardia and bradypnea
d.Constipation and lethargy - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
b.Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
c.High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.High levels of
circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with Graves disease is
usually: a.High
c.Normal
b.Low
d.In constant flux - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Low
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? a.
Primary
c.
Exogenous
b.
Secondary
d.
Inflammatory - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.
3
, Secondary
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is: a.Pituitary
hyposecretion
c.Parathyroid gland damage
b.Parathyroid adenoma
d.Autoimmune parathyroid disease - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Parathyroid gland
damage
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid
hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.) a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
d.Hyporeflexia
e.Asphyxiation - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
e.Asphyxiation
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
a.Increased serum calcium levels
b.Decreased serum magnesium levels
c.Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormonefold) - -CORRECT ANSWER-
a.Increased serum calcium levels
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
c.Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
b.Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts
d.Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Hypothalamus; renal
tubular cells
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? a.Increases
serum calcium.
c.Decreases serum magnesium.
b.Decreases serum calcium.
d.Increases serum magnesium - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Decreases serum calcium.
What is the action of calcitonin? a.Increases
metabolism.
c.Increases serum calcium.
b.Decreases metabolism.
d.Decreases serum calcium - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Decreases serum calcium
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? a.Parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
b.Thyroxine (T4)
c.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4
