CHEM 103 FINAL EXAM In-class activity

CHEM 103 FINAL EXAM In-class activity Lewis Structures - represents the transfer or the sharing of electrons in chemical bonds octet rule - EVERY ATOM WANTS 8 ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTERSHELL ionic bonding - chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another group EX : NaBr metals - give nonmetals - take oxidation number - the superscript indicating the charge on an ion ion - atom with either positive or negative charge binary compound - compounds in which 2 elements are present , metal and non metal - nonmetal changes to ide ionization energy - energy required to remove the most loosley held electron from outer shell ; up and to the right polyatomic molecule - nonmetals that form one ion covalent bond - sharing of electrons EX : CO2 polyatomic ions - Ag silver ion Fe 2+ ferrous ion Fe 3+ ferric ion Cu 1+ cuprous ion Cu 2+ cupric ion binary molecule - 1st word : prefix and full name 2nd word : prefix and stem and ide mono - 1 di - 2 tri - 3 tetra - 4 penta - 5 hexa - 6 hepta - 7 octa - 8 ennea - 9 deca - 10 bonding electrons - pairs of valence electrons that are shared between pairs non bonding electrons - lone pairs that are not involved in electron sharing Linus Pauling - Nobel prize Chemist electronegativity - measure of atoms attraction for electrons it shares with another atom in a chemical bond electronegativity increases - left to right electronegativity decreases - top to bottom repulsion - gives molecule shape, describes distance b/w bonding and non bonding pairs of electrons molecular geometry - 3 dimensional arrangement of atom within a molecule VSEPR - valence shell electron pair repulsion theory - set of procedures for predicting a 3 dimensional geometry molecule NH4 - ammonium with 1 superscript OH 1 - hydroxide NO2 - nitrite with -1 superscript NO3 - nitrate with -1 superscript C2H3O2 - acetate with -1 superscript HCO3 - bicarbonate with -1 superscript CO3 - carbonate with -2 superscript SO3 - sulfite with -2 superscript SO4 - sulfate with -2 superscript PO4 - phosphate with -3 superscript CN 1 - cyanide molar mass - sum of all atomic masses in a compound moles conversion - division ( mass ) over ( atomic mass ) grams conversion - multiplication (moles) ( atomic mass )